Wetting and its influence on the filtration ability of ceramic foam filters

Viscous force — An important parameter for the modeling of deep bed filtration in liquid media

“…Thus, it is impossible to calculate the impact energy distributions for these two starting velocities. The measurement and the interpretation of the adhesion energy distribution have been already described elsewhere [1,2,27,29]. The physical kinetic energy distribution for a given bulk fluid velocity is obtained from the result of the semi-analytical calculation after including the effect of the viscous force in the numerically simulated data.…”

“…Both, the particle sizes as well as the characteristic fluid bulk velocities are taken following the experimental parametric study of Heuzeroth et al [1]. The particle sizes correspond to the characteristic values of the alumina particle size distribution used in the experimental study [1]. The liquid to particle density ratio is considered to be 0.258 and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid is set to 10 −6 m 2 /s.…”

“…8, enables the calculation of a corresponding Hiller (Hi) number distribution. Compared to the current state of the art, one major enhancement of the present investigation is the employment of the numerically simulated kinetic energy distributions instead of estimated values, which has been used in a previous work [1] in order to calculate the Hi-number distribution. Hence, the use of the detailed numerical simulation of the flow field and the subsequent inclusion of the viscous force by semi-analytical treatment appears to be more appropriate in representing the experimental condition during deep bed filtration.…”

“…For the latter case, the authors [1] proposed a model in order to estimate the adhesion probability by balancing the kinetic energy of the converging particle and the adhesion energy between the particle and the surface, which is obtained from the measured adhesion energy distribution [2]. The proposed model clearly shows the significant influence of the particle impact velocity on the adhesion probability for a given material system.…”

Separation of electrically neutral non-metallic inclusions from molten steel by pulsed electric current

“…2,[4][5][6][7][8][9] Removal of inclusions of less than 20 μm may be accomplished by filtration using ceramic foam filters, 10 but with limited (and controversial) filtration efficiency. 11 Inclusion levels can be reduced in steelmaking by careful manipulation of the inclusion chemistry (with Ca and Al) to produce a liquid inclusion which is easier to remove at steelmaking temperatures. 12 However, if calcium treatment is not controlled well, solid calcium aluminate and sulphide particles with higher melting points can be formed leading to a deterioration of mechanical properties.…”