Wet spinning of synthetic polymer fibers

Ozipek, Bulent; Karakas, Hale

doi:10.1533/9780857099174.2.174

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The ability of the coagulated polymer to elongate without breaking also indicated the potential for a higher spin draw ratio for the spun filaments. Also, for wet spinning, a faster rate of coagulation was preferred because the extruded polymer needed to form a “skin” almost immediately upon extrusion of the solution into the coagulation bath so as to form a fiber with some structural integrity, followed by subsequent coagulation of the core to generate the oriented filamentous structure 11 . Most solvent/coagulant combinations caused the polymer to coagulate slowly and/or to generate a brittle coagulated polymer structure, making the combination unsuitable for continuous filament extrusion and wet spinning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wet spinning conditions on the structure and properties of poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate fibers

2020

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), also known as bacterial polyesters, are considered novel polymers for fabricating biomedical products, such as sutures and hernia meshes, because of their biocompatibility and slow biodegradability. Poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is a commonly used PHA that was explored in this study as an absorbable biomaterial for several medical applications, including controlled drug delivery. Currently, P4HB is melt spun and drawn into filaments at high processing temperatures (~200°C), precluding the incorporation of thermally sensitive drugs within the polymer during melt spinning. Post‐spinning drug incorporation can potentially cause nonuniform drug absorption that leads to an uneven release profile. This raises the need for a low temperature spinning process for these polymers. Until now, there has been no defined procedure to produce P4HB fibers through a low temperature solution spinning process. This study focuses on determining suitable wet spinning conditions to form continuous P4HB fibers. After several preliminary tests, it was found that a chloroform‐based spin dope with 10–15% polymer concentration facilitated the extrusion of continuous stretchable fibers into a coagulation bath containing reagent alcohol. Subsequently, several P4HB fibers were spun with various spin dope concentrations, coagulation bath temperatures, and spin draw ratios to assess their effect on fiber structure and properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wet spinning conditions on the structure and properties of poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate fibers

2020

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“…The first fiber to be spun by wet-spinning was rayon, with an alcoholic solution of cellulose nitrate extruded from a nozzle dipped in cold water. Since then, many natural and synthetic polymers have been produced via wet-spinning [94]. Like dry-spinning, in the wet-spinning technique, the polymer needs to be dissolved in a suitable solvent in order to be spun.…”

Section: Wet-spinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spun Biotextiles in Tissue Engineering and Biomolecules Delivery Systems

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, tissue engineering is described as an interdisciplinary field that combines engineering principles and life sciences to generate implantable devices to repair, restore and/or improve functions of injured tissues. Such devices are designed to induce the interaction and integration of tissue and cells within the implantable matrices and are manufactured to meet the appropriate physical, mechanical and physiological local demands. Biodegradable constructs based on polymeric fibers are desirable for tissue engineering due to their large surface area, interconnectivity, open pore structure, and controlled mechanical strength. Additionally, biodegradable constructs are also very sought-out for biomolecule delivery systems with a target-directed action. In the present review, we explore the properties of some of the most common biodegradable polymers used in tissue engineering applications and biomolecule delivery systems and highlight their most important uses.

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“…The coagulated polyethylene that is used for production is first processed to filaments in the wet spinning process which is an extrusion from a dissolved state in a solution of 100 % anhydrous sulfuric acid through a spinneret into a nonsolvent coagulating bath [83]. Afterwards the fibers are drawn to achieve better properties like higher modulus and less extension at break.…”

Section: Onboard Mechanisms Are Consideredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Production from Airborne Wind Energy

Wilhelm¹

2018

Airborne Wind Energy

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STATUTORY DECLARATIONI declare that I have authored this thesis independently, that I have not used other than the declared sources and means. The thesis has not been submitted to any other examining body and has not been published.Hamburg, 03 August 2015 VI VII Global energy supply is closely linked with some of the greatest challenges of our society. A rising demand has to be met whereas conventional energy sources are depleting and emit considerable amounts of greenhouse gases. Renewable energy technologies are increasingly promoted to face these issues, especially in the electricity industry. Research has shown, that renewables are superior to conventional energy technologies in many environmental aspects but are not free of burdens. However, the main causes of impacts are shifted to other life cycle phases than operation. The emerging of airborne wind energy (AWE), as a new stakeholder within the renewables, presents an ecologically promising option since it accesses wind resources of outstanding quality with little material consumption. As of now, there is no environmental assessment of this new technology available.The goals of this study are (1) the determination of environmental burden of electricity generation with AWE on the categories global warming and consumption of energy resources, (2) the identification of main contributors to these categories, (3) the determination of the energy payback time and (4) an assessment whether use of this technology would lower impact of electricity supply in the mentioned categories. An AWE design is chosen for the investigations, which appears possible to become a dominating design. Even though uncertainties arise from the analysis of a specific design, the outcomes of the study could serve as a first reference for system developers and for decision-makers to evaluate support or engagement in this technology.To this end, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was executed, which allows tracking of category indicators from cradle to grave. Specific AWE facilities of 1.8 MW were defined and analyzed in a 300 MW plant under low wind conditions. The modeling follows an estimated dominating design or conservative choices. The results are expected to be on the upper range. The results of the model are presented and discussed and checked for robustness in a sensitivity study. A comparison to a similar conventional wind power plant and the electricity grid mix allows a better classification of the results.The category indicator result in global warming potential (GWP) is 5.611 gCO2-eq./kWh. 65 % of that occur in the phase raw material and manufacturing, 3 % during installation, 28 % during operation and 4 % in disposal. The cumulated energy demand (CED) is 75.2 kJ-eq./kWh. The invested energy during the entire life cycle is 2.1 % of the total generated electricity and is recovered after 5 months or 153 days of operation. This corresponds with an energy yield ratio of 48%. The tether accounts for 5.5 and 8.1 % in GWP and CED, including its replacements. Lower lifetimes have signific...

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Wet spinning of synthetic polymer fibers

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

The effect of wet spinning conditions on the structure and properties of poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate fibers

The effect of wet spinning conditions on the structure and properties of poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate fibers

Spun Biotextiles in Tissue Engineering and Biomolecules Delivery Systems

Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Production from Airborne Wind Energy

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