Wet film application techniques and their effects on the stability of RuO2–TiO2 coated titanium anodes

Abstract

The effect of wet film application techniques on the physical and electrochemical properties and operational stability of RuO 2 -TiO 2 coated titanium anodes was evaluated. Four compositions of RuO 2 -TiO 2 coatings were applied to Ti substrates by three different wet coating methods-brush, dip and spin. Changing the coating technique resulted in different morphologies. Electrochemically active surface area of the coatings was related to the morphology. A shift in Ru(III)/Ru(IV) oxidation potential occurred upon changing the application technique. For lower ruthenium content coatings, this shift was related to coating lifetime. Anode stability in accelerated lifetesting showed that dip coated samples lasted up to three times longer than brush coated samples for lower ruthenium content.

Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

“…1 shows a typical example of a spin coated disk electrode (diameter 25 mm) with RuO2 deposited on a Ni substrate. The coating appears rather compact on a microscale and lacks the mud-cracked pattern usually obtained by other coating solution application techniques like brushing, spraying, or dipping [19] (Fig. 1b).…”

“…The spin coating technique was implemented to assure that reproducible samples were obtained [19,20]. Nickel disks (Ni-201) with a diameter of 25 mm and thickness of 1 mm were used as substrates.…”

Novel phosphorus-doped PbO2–MnO2 bicontinuous electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction

“…In general, all three plots show two distinct linear segments, one in the low-potential region and the other in the high-potential region, which has been reported as the doubleslope behavior for the oxygen evolution reaction on such metaloxide electrodes. 52,53 The increase of the Tafel slope in the high- anodes and b 1 was used for (P-PbO 2 )-MnO 2 anode according to the anodic potential corresponding to the current density in industrial electrolysis.…”

“…56 In addition, these small J 0 values were considered to be meaningless in evaluating the electrocatalytic activity of anode materials. 52 As a result, the overpotential h a was frequently used as the only important criterion. In general, the calculated overpotential shown in Table 1 is consistent with the trend of stable anodic potential shown in Fig.…”

Nanostructured Ti/TiO 2 –RuO 2 –La 2 O 3 anodes prepared by sol–gel process and the effect of electrolyte composition on their stability

“…In fact, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and chlorine evolution reaction (CER) are the main anodic reactions in most cathodic processes. The introduction of SnO 2 , IrO 2 , RuO 2 , and La 2 O 3 or a combination of them into MMO anodes can improve the performance of the anodes for OER and CER [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thus, the fractional replacement of TiO 2 with active oxides, such as SnO 2 or La 2 O 3 in RuO 2 -based anodes improves the electrocatalytic activity for OER and CER [17][18][19][20].…”