Wet Deposition of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Great Lakes

Chan, C. H.; Bruce, Gary; Harrison, Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(94)71171-0

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Concentrations of β‐endosulfan were approximately a factor of two times higher than those of α‐endosulfan in the summer, even though approximately half as much β‐endosulfan is present in the technical mixture and less β‐endosulfan was present in the air. Other researchers have found higher concentrations of β‐endosulfan in rain collected near the Great Lakes (Eisenreich et al, 1981; Chan et al, 1994) and in surface water samples in two Chesapeake Bay tributaries (Lehotay et al, 1999) as compared with α‐endosulfan. This result is expected since β‐endosulfan has a 5.7‐fold‐higher liquid solubility than α‐endosulfan (Table 4) and would probably be scavenged more easily by rainfall.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atmospheric Deposition of Pesticides to an Agricultural Watershed of the Chesapeake Bay

et al. 2003

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The Choptank River watershed, located on the Delmarva Peninsula of the Chesapeake Bay, is dominated by agricultural land use, which makes it vulnerable to runoff and atmospheric deposition of pesticides. Agricultural and wildlife areas are in close proximity and off-site losses of pesticides may contribute to toxic effects on sensitive species of plants and animals. High-volume air samples (n = 31) and event-based rain samples (n = 71) were collected from a single location in the watershed representing regional background conditions. Surface water samples were collected from eight stations in the tidal portion of the river on five occasions during 2000. Chlorothalonil, metolachlor, atrazine, simazine, endosulfan, and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected in the air and rain, with maximal concentrations during the period when local or regional crops were planted. The wet deposition load to the watershed was estimated at 150 +/- 16, 61 +/- 7, and 51 +/- 6 kg yr(-1) for chlorothalonil, metolachlor, and atrazine, respectively. The high wet deposition load compared with the estimated annual usage for chlorothalonil (13%) and endosulfan (14-90%) suggests an atmospheric source from outside the watershed. Net air-water gas exchange fluxes for metolachlor varied from -44 +/- 19 to 9.3 +/- 4.1 ng m(-2) d(-1) with negative values indicating net deposition. Wet deposition accounted for 3 to 20% of the total metolachlor mass in the Choptank River and was a more important source to the river than gas exchange. Estimates of herbicide flux presented here are probably a low estimate and actual rates may be significantly higher in areas closer to pesticide application.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atmospheric Deposition of Pesticides to an Agricultural Watershed of the Chesapeake Bay

et al. 2003

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“…For example, the average fraction reported for precipitation in the Great Lakes Basin (USA) was 0.24 to 0.26 (Chan et al, 1994(Chan et al, , 2003. In studies conducted in Belgium the fraction was 0.28 to 0.33 (Quaghebeur et al, 2004).…”

Section: Comparison To Air Sample Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wet deposition measurements have been described in many studies (Carrera et al, 2002;Chan et al, 1994;Chan et al, 2003;Gioia et al, 2005;Goel et al, 2005;Kuang et al, 2003;Laabs et al, 2002;McConnell et al, 1998;Quaghebeur et al, 2004;Tuduri et al, 2006;Wong et al, 2004). Detection of both endosulfans, and in some cases endosulfan sulfate, was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Endosulfan wet deposition in Southern Florida (USA)

Potter

Hapeman

McConnell

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…However Endo-II has a lower air/water partition coefficient (Henry's law constant) ) and therefore should be preferentially deposited by precipitation and air-water gas exchange. Chan et al (1994) reported that Endo-II exceeded Endo-I in precipitation samples from the Great Lakes. Moreover, it has recently been shown that Endo-II can be converted to Endo-I under environmental conditions (Schmidt et al 1997).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Pesticides In Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides and Enantiomers of Chiral Pesticides in Arctic Ocean Water

Jantunen

Bidleman

1998

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

118

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In the summers of 1993 and 1994, seawater samples from the surface layer (40-60 m) were collected to determine the spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides on expeditions that crossed the Arctic Ocean from the Bering and Chukchi seas to the North Pole, to a station north of Spitsbergen, and then south into the Greenland Sea. Spatial differences in concentration were found that varied with the pesticide. Heptachlor exo-epoxide (a metabolite of heptachlor) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) increased from the Chukchi Sea to the pole, and then decreased toward Spitsbergen and Greenland Sea. Chlorinated bornanes (toxaphene) followed a similar trend, but levels were also high near Spitsbergen and in the Greenland Sea. A reverse trend was found for endosulfan, with lower concentrations in the ice-covered regions. Little variation was seen in chlordane concentrations, although the ratio of trans-/cis-chlordane decreased at high latitudes. Several of these pesticides are chiral: alpha-HCH, cis- and trans-chlordane, and heptachlor exo-epoxide. Enantioselective degradation of (-)alpha-HCH was found in the Bering and Chukchi seas, whereas the (+)enantiomer was depleted in the Arctic Ocean and Greenland Sea. Enrichment of (+)heptachlor exo-epoxide was found in all regions. Trans- and cis-chlordane were nearly racemic.

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Wet Deposition of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Great Lakes

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Atmospheric Deposition of Pesticides to an Agricultural Watershed of the Chesapeake Bay

Atmospheric Deposition of Pesticides to an Agricultural Watershed of the Chesapeake Bay

Endosulfan wet deposition in Southern Florida (USA)

Organochlorine Pesticides and Enantiomers of Chiral Pesticides in Arctic Ocean Water

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