Endosulfan wet deposition in Southern Florida (USA)

Potter, Thomas L.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McConnell, Laura L.; Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A.; Schmidt, Walter F.; Rice, Clifford P.; Schaffer, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.070

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The ratio of mean and median concentrations of the αand β-isomer concentrations, ≈0.20, was also comparable to previously published results (Potter et al, 2014). Overall, the magnitude of concentration measurements were intermediate with results about 3 times higher than investigations conducted in agricultural watershed located on Maryland's (USA) Eastern Shore (Goel et al, 2003;Kuang et al, 2005), but 3 times less than values reported for wet deposition in an area of southern Florida where endosulfan use rates are very high (Potter et al, 2014).…”

Section: As Indicated Insupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This value is comparable to surface runoff rates that are commonly observed, ≈1% of applied (Wauchope et al, 1995). Potter et al (2014) estimated that about 0.1 % of the insecticide endosulfan applied to farm fields in Southern Florida was deposited locally in rainfall. In another investigation that linked surface runoff to volatilization, Gish et al (2011), found that the volatilization mass loss of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor when applied 5 preemergence to bare soils was 2 to >130 and 10 and >150 times the mass loss in runoff; however deposition was not measured.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…They have included reports of detection of legacy pesticides, like DDT, as well as numerous products in current use (Wheatley and Hardman, 1965;Dubus et al, 2000). Monitoring was conducted in remote areas, approximately 1000 km away from pesticide sources, at stations at intermediate distance (1 to 100 km), and within areas <1 km where the pesticides were applied (Dubus et al, 2000;Potter et al, 2014;Van Dijk and Guicherit, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing pesticide wet deposition risk within a small agricultural watershed in the Southeastern Coastal Plain (USA)

Potter

Coffin

2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Pesticide volatilization and deposition with precipitation is widely documented and has been connected to adverse ecological impact. Here we describe a 3-yr study of current use and legacy pesticides in event-based rain samples within a 123-ha agricultural watershed. Crops in farm fields were documented quarterly with data used to estimate target compound use. The median number of pesticide detections in samples was 6. The fungicide, chlorothalonil which was used most intensively was detected in nearly all samples. It had the highest mean and peak concentrations with total deposition ≈0.1% of the estimated amount applied. The insecticide endosulfan also had relatively high use with behavior mirroring chlorothalonil. There was strong seasonal variation in concentration and depositional dynamics with the highest values measured during growing seasons. Similar behavior was observed with other compounds detected in rain samples with a general decrease in deposition and mean concentrations as use decreased. Comparison of measured concentrations to values associated with toxic impact on aquatic organisms indicated that chlorothalonil, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, malathion and atrazine may contribute to adverse impact. The number of samples exceeding risk endpoints ranged from 1 to 77%. The highest value was for endosulfan; however its on-going phase-out is expected to reduce risks. Another finding was that the wet deposition of the herbicide, metolachlor exceeded measured runoff rates in the watershed by 5-fold. The study has demonstrated that localized pesticide wet deposition may present ecological risks and that volatilization and wet deposition is an important pesticide transport pathway at the local scale. Findings point to the need to include wet deposition in assessments of pesticide ecological risk and environmental fate.

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Section: As Indicated Insupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing pesticide wet deposition risk within a small agricultural watershed in the Southeastern Coastal Plain (USA)

Potter

Coffin

2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Differences between the levels in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans could be explained by atmospheric transport patterns between major application areas and the respective open sea regions. In fact, the sites sampled in our study are most likely not in the receptor area for emissions in the southeast of the USA, particularly Florida (a major emission area until 2013; Potter et al 2014). Prevailing wind directions in Florida are N-NE in winter and S-SE in summer, putting our sites upwind during part of the year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along an east-to-west gradient in subtropical North Atlantic surface water

Lammel

Spitzy

Audy

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Despite the fact that most persistent toxic substances have hardly been primarily emitted for several decades, their concentrations are only slowly decreasing in the global oceans. Surface seawater samples were collected along a 38°–24° N/28°–67° W transect in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. While the concentration levels of hexachlorobenzene (2.1–6.1 pg L−1), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT, up to 2.1 pg L−1) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB, 10.8–24.9 pg L−1) were in the same range as observed earlier in the North Atlantic, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, 90–627 pg L−1) was found elevated, partly also relative to previous measurements in the same sea region. Hereby, the ratio α-HCH/γ-HCH was very low, 0.09–0.13. Chlordane and endosulfan were found in the range <3.0–11.1 and <5.8–8.8 pg L−1 respectively. DDT metabolites, endrin and related pesticides were found below quantification limits. Spatial pollution patterns in surface seawaters seem to be determined by atmospheric and oceanic transport patterns, rather than by mixing and air-sea equilibrium. The comparison with global multicompartment chemistry-transport model predictions of surface seawater levels indicate underestimated degradation of PCBs and overestimated emissions of endosulfan.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7429-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…While endosulfan sulfate was more abundant than its parent compounds in most years, endosulfan (sum of α and β isomers) was predominant in 2003 and 2006 which, together with air mass backward trajectories, suggests a possible origin from ongoing use in Eurasia. 48 Potter et al 49 measured endosulfan wet deposition in precipitation over a 4-year period within an area of high agricultural use in Southern Florida (USA) and in nearby Biscayne and Everglades National Parks. Endosulfan's two isomers and endosulfan sulfate were detected at high frequency with the order of detection and concentration being: Endosulfan in soil can be degraded by some soil bacteria, as demonstrated by the findings of recently discovered endosulfan--degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis JBW4 which was isolated from activated sludge.…”

Section: Environmental Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects of the Poisoning by the Pesticide Endosulfan

Patočka¹,

Wu²,

França³

et al. 2016

Química Nova

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publicado na web em 06/06/2016 Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide, widely used in insect control. Unfortunately, it is also an acute neurotoxic compound to both insects and mammals, including humans, and has been responsible for many severe poisonings and several fatal cases. Endosulfan also imitates or enhances the effect of the female hormone estrogen, having the capability of causing reproductive and developmental damage in both, animals and humans, and its exposure has been linked to liver tissue injury. This persistent lipophilic compound is one of the most abundant organochlorine pesticides in the environment, capable of undergoing long range transport to remote locations such as the Arctic. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its indiscriminate and injudicious use in the control of insects on a wide range of agricultural products and in the extermination of household pests, has considerably increased the hazard risk for human health. Also, this compound has a high fatality rate in humans when ingested accidentally, from food or water contaminated, or in suicidal cases. The aim of this article is to review and summarize chemical, biochemical, environmental, and toxicological data of endosulfan and draw attention to its toxicological potential risk to human health.

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Endosulfan wet deposition in Southern Florida (USA)

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing pesticide wet deposition risk within a small agricultural watershed in the Southeastern Coastal Plain (USA)

Assessing pesticide wet deposition risk within a small agricultural watershed in the Southeastern Coastal Plain (USA)

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along an east-to-west gradient in subtropical North Atlantic surface water

Clinical Aspects of the Poisoning by the Pesticide Endosulfan

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