Western Blot-Based Logistic Regression Model for the Identification of Recent HIV-1 Infection: A Promising HIV-1 Surveillance Approach for Resource-Limited Regions

Huang, Jiegang; Wang, Minlian; Huang, Chun-Yuan; Liang, Bingyu; Jiang, Junjun; Ning, Chuanyi; Zang, Ning; Chen, Hui; Liu, Jie; Chen, Rongfeng; Liao, Yulin; Li, Ye; Liang, Hao

doi:10.1155/2018/4390318

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…They are able to detect HIV specific antibodies in most subjects, but acute HIV infection and late-stage HIV infection maybe negative or indeterminate for HIV antibody tests [ 3 , 21 – 23 ]. Previous studies have proven that the sequential emergence of HIV-1 antibodies associates with the progress of HIV-1 infection [ 11 , 12 , 24 – 26 ], therefore the laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection is helpful for understanding the local epidemic and may partly reflect the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS intervention. Our data indicated that, although the number of suspected samples gradually grown in Wuhan, the positive rate of HIV-1 antibodies has declined significantly during 2012–2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergence of HIV antibodies presents the infection status. Studies had proved that the number, intensity, and the order of appearance of HIV antibodies in blood were associated with the stage of HIV-1 infection [10,11]. Recently, we had estimated the seroconversion time of HIV-1 antibodies from a clinical observation and found that both p31 and p66 antibodies were potential serologic biomarkers of recent HIV-1 infection [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although BED-CEIA was able to distinguish recent infection from long-term HIV-1 infections [15,19], it was affected by CD4 + T cell counts, HIV-1 viral loads, antiretroviral treatment (ART), and HIV-1 subtype [11]. Thus, bands-based methods such as WB and RIBA might be better to differentiate recent HIV-1 infection from established infection than BED-CEIA [11]. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the band patterns of individuals with positive and indeterminate WB/RIBA results, and estimated the rate of recent infection in Wuhan, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies had reported the rates of recent HIV-1 infection tested by BED-CEIA were 28.6% in Tianjin city [ 16 ], 16.14% in Sichuan province [ 17 ], and less than 1% in Liangshan prefecture [ 18 ], China, which were inconsistent in different areas. Although BED-CEIA was able to distinguish recent infection from long-term HIV-1 infections [ 15 , 19 ], it was affected by CD4 + T cell counts, HIV-1 viral loads, antiretroviral treatment (ART), and HIV-1 subtype [ 11 ]. Thus, bands-based methods such as WB and RIBA might be better to differentiate recent HIV-1 infection from established infection than BED-CEIA [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-HIV-1 antibodies based confirmatory results in Wuhan, China, 2012-2018

et al. 2020

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The number, intensity and order of emergence of HIV-1 specific antibodies in serum or plasma were associated with the stage of HIV-1 infection. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the HIV-1 confirmatory results tested by western blot (WB) or recombination immunoblot assay (RIBA) in Wuhan, 2012-2018, to access the profiles of HIV-1 specific antibodies. A total of 14432 HIV-suspected serum or plasma samples collected from local hospitals and other HIV screening laboratories were further screened by two 4 th generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in our laboratory, of which 11068 specimens (76.69%) had at least one positive ELISA result and thereby were finally confirmed with WB or RIBA. RIBA had identified 652 (81.09%) positive and 13 (1.62%) indeterminate cases from July 1, 2014 to January 7, 2015, while WB had identified 8358 (81.43%) positive and 643 (6.26%) indeterminate cases in the other times during 2012-2018. The indeterminate rate of WB was significant higher than that of RIBA (p<0.001). Although the number of HIV-1 infected subjects increased significantly from 2012 (n = 911) to 2018 (n = 1578), the positive rate of HIV-1 antibodies decreased markedly from 70.08% in 2012 to 58.79% in 2018 (p<0.001). The most commonly observed antibody profile was gp160+gp120+p66 +(p55+)p51+gp41+p31+p24+p17+ (4131, 49.43%) for WB-MP and gp160+gp120+gp41 +p31+p24+p17+ (382, 58.59%) for RIBA-WANTAI, and the absence of reactivity to three possible serologic markers for recent HIV-1 infection, p31, p66, and p51, increased significantly from 2012 to 2018, with the overall rate of 17.03%, 9.40%, and 15.15%, respectively. The suspected acute HIV-1 infection was also observed to be increased in recent years, with an overall rate of 1.00%. Our results indicated the detection rate had decreased for HIV-1 infection, but increased for suspected recent and acute HIV-1 infection during 2012-2018, reflecting the efforts of intervention among high risk population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-HIV-1 antibodies based confirmatory results in Wuhan, China, 2012-2018

et al. 2020

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“…Sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 96.7% were demonstrated by the assay using 30 sera from confirmed Chikungunya virus infected patient and 30 normal sera [ 144 ]. In one study, western blotting was a promising method for surveillance of HIV-1 infection in resource-limited regions [ 145 ]. The assay was also used for the detection and confirmation of HCV and HIV infections [ 146 – 148 ].…”

Section: Immunological Diagnostic Techniques Of Medical Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Techniques of Medical Viruses

Reta

Tessema

Ashenef

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Viral infections are causing serious problems in human population worldwide. The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a perfect example how viral infection could pose a great threat to global public health and economic sectors. Therefore, the first step in combating viral pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis. Early and accurate detection of the viral presence in patient sample is crucial for appropriate treatment, control, and prevention of epidemics. Here, we summarize some of the molecular and immunological diagnostic approaches available for the detection of viral infections of humans. Molecular diagnostic techniques provide rapid viral detection in patient sample. They are also relatively inexpensive and highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods. Immunological-based techniques have been extensively utilized for the detection and epidemiological studies of human viral infections. They can detect antiviral antibodies or viral antigens in clinical samples. There are several commercially available molecular and immunological diagnostic kits that facilitate the use of these methods in the majority of clinical laboratories worldwide. In developing countries including Ethiopia where most of viral infections are endemic, exposure to improved or new methods is highly limited as these methods are very costly to use and also require technical skills. Since researchers and clinicians in all corners of the globe are working hard, it is hoped that in the near future, they will develop good quality tests that can be accessible in low-income countries.

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Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review

Facente¹,

Grebe²,

Maher³

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background HIV assays designed to detect recent infection, also known as “recency assays,” are often used to estimate HIV incidence in a specific country, region, or subpopulation, alone or as part of recent infection testing algorithms (RITAs). Recently, many countries and organizations have become interested in using recency assays within case surveillance systems and routine HIV testing services to measure other indicators beyond incidence, generally referred to as “non-incidence surveillance use cases.” Objective This review aims to identify published evidence that can be used to validate methodological approaches to recency-based incidence estimation and non-incidence use cases. The evidence identified through this review will be used in the forthcoming technical guidance by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) on the use of HIV recency assays for identification of epidemic trends, whether for HIV incidence estimation or non-incidence indicators of recency. Methods To identify the best methodological and field implementation practices for the use of recency assays to estimate HIV incidence and trends in recent infections for specific populations or geographic areas, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to (1) understand the use of recency testing for surveillance in programmatic and laboratory settings, (2) review methodologies for implementing recency testing for both incidence estimation and non-incidence use cases, and (3) assess the field performance characteristics of commercially available recency assays. Results Among the 167 documents included in the final review, 91 (54.5%) focused on assay or algorithm performance or methodological descriptions, with high-quality evidence of accurate age- and sex-disaggregated HIV incidence estimation at national or regional levels in general population settings, but not at finer geographic levels for prevention prioritization. The remaining 76 (45.5%) described the field use of incidence assays including field-derived incidence (n=45), non-incidence (n=25), and both incidence and non-incidence use cases (n=6). The field use of incidence assays included integrating RITAs into routine surveillance and assisting with molecular genetic analyses, but evidence was generally weaker or only reported on what was done, without validation data or findings related to effectiveness of using non-incidence indicators calculated through the use of recency assays as a proxy for HIV incidence. Conclusions HIV recency assays have been widely validated for estimating HIV incidence in age- and sex-specific populations at national and subnational regional levels; however, there is a lack of evidence validating the accuracy and effectiveness of using recency assays to identify epidemic trends in non-incidence surveillance use cases. More research is needed to validate the use of recency assays within HIV testing services, to ensure findings can be accurately interpreted to guide prioritization of public health programming.

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Western Blot-Based Logistic Regression Model for the Identification of Recent HIV-1 Infection: A Promising HIV-1 Surveillance Approach for Resource-Limited Regions

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Anti-HIV-1 antibodies based confirmatory results in Wuhan, China, 2012-2018

Anti-HIV-1 antibodies based confirmatory results in Wuhan, China, 2012-2018

Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Techniques of Medical Viruses

Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review

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