West Nile virus in the context of climate change

doi:10.1093/pch/13.5.399

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Canada is currently experiencing profound climate change, and this, as well as land use change, is expected to increase the risk of zoonotic diseases, including WNV (Allan et al 2003 ; Canadian Paediatric Society 2008 ; Chen et al 2013 ; Kim et al 2014 ; Gardner et al 2014 ; Hoover and Barker 2016 ; Ludwig et al 2019 ; Rakotoarinia et al 2022 ). Indeed population density, landscape, climate and weather have been found to be predictive of human WNV incidence in Ontario, Canada (Giordano et al 2017 ; Mallya et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Niche and Positive Clusters of Two West Nile Virus Vectors in Ontario, Canada

Talbot,

Kulkarni,

Rioux-Rousseau

et al. 2023

EcoHealth

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen associated with uncommon but severe neurological complications in humans, especially among the elderly and immune-compromised. In Northeastern North America, the Culex pipiens/restuans complex and Aedes vexans are the two principal vector mosquito species/species groups of WNV. Using a 10-year surveillance dataset of WNV vector captures at 118 sites across an area of 40,000 km2 in Eastern Ontario, Canada, the ecological niches of Cx. pipiens/restuans and Aedes vexans were modeled by random forest analysis. Spatiotemporal clusters of WNV-positive mosquito pools were identified using Kulldorf’s spatial scan statistic. The study region encompasses land cover types and climate representative of highly populated Southeastern Canada. We found highest vector habitat suitability in the eastern half of the study area, where temperatures are generally warmer (variable importance > 0.40) and residential and agricultural cropland cover is more prominent (variable importance > 0.25). We found spatiotemporal clusters of high WNV infection rates around the city of Ottawa in both mosquito vector species. These results support the previous literature in the same region and elsewhere suggesting areas surrounding highly populated areas are also high-risk areas for vector-borne zoonoses such as the WNV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Niche and Positive Clusters of Two West Nile Virus Vectors in Ontario, Canada

Talbot,

Kulkarni,

Rioux-Rousseau

et al. 2023

EcoHealth

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Major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Canada

Kulkarni

Berrang‐Ford

Buck

et al. 2015

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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In Canada, the emergence of vector-borne diseases may occur via international movement and subsequent establishment of vectors and pathogens, or via northward spread from endemic areas in the USA. Re-emergence of endemic vector-borne diseases may occur due to climate-driven changes to their geographic range and ecology. Lyme disease, West Nile virus (WNV), and other vector-borne diseases were identified as priority emerging non-enteric zoonoses in Canada in a prioritization exercise conducted by public health stakeholders in 2013. We review and present the state of knowledge on the public health importance of these high priority emerging vector-borne diseases in Canada. Lyme disease is emerging in Canada due to range expansion of the tick vector, which also signals concern for the emergence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Powassan virus. WNV has been established in Canada since 2001, with epidemics of varying intensity in following years linked to climatic drivers. Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, snowshoe hare virus, and Cache Valley virus are other mosquito-borne viruses endemic to Canada with the potential for human health impact. Increased surveillance for emerging pathogens and vectors and coordinated efforts among sectors and jurisdictions will aid in early detection and timely public health response.

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Influence of Demography, Land Use, and Urban Form on West Nile Virus Risk and Human West Nile Virus Incidence in Ottawa, Canada

Talbot

Ardis

Kulkarni

2019

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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West Nile virus in the context of climate change

Abstract: The recommendations in this statement do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or procedure to be followed. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Ecological Niche and Positive Clusters of Two West Nile Virus Vectors in Ontario, Canada

Ecological Niche and Positive Clusters of Two West Nile Virus Vectors in Ontario, Canada

Major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Canada

Influence of Demography, Land Use, and Urban Form on West Nile Virus Risk and Human West Nile Virus Incidence in Ottawa, Canada

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