West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Child with Left‐Side Weakness

Vidwan, Gurpreet; Bryant, Kristina; Puri, Vinay; Stover, Beth H.; Rabalais, Gerard P.

doi:10.1086/377263

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…2,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16] In the early 1980s, WNV was isolated from the brains of 3 children who died of encephalitis within the same state in India. 23 During an unusual outbreak in Sudan in 2002, all 31 of the probable cases identified were among children Ͻ13 years of age, with most cases in those aged Յ5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,6,16 However, encephalitis mimicking herpes simplex virus infection, poliomyelitis-like syndrome, myocarditis, hepatitis, chorioretinitis, and vitreitis have also been described as complications of WNV infections among children. 3,9,13,15,17 Routine clinical laboratory tests are not generally of use in distinguishing WNV infection from other viral infections. Among limited clinical data published on pediatric case subjects with WNND, cerebrospinal fluid findings include mild-tomoderate leukocytosis and mildly elevated protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Although immunocompromised children seem to be at a higher risk of developing severe disease, 6 many of the severe cases described in the literature occurred in previously healthy children. 3,5,[11][12][13]15,16 Other host factors that may increase the risk of WNND in children are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999–2007

et al. 2009

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The epidemiological characteristics of WNV disease in children are similar to adult case subjects; however, WNND is more likely to manifest as meningitis in children than in older adults. WNV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients presenting with febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis, particularly during seasonal outbreaks in endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999–2007

et al. 2009

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging may show leptomeningeal thickening and contrast enhancement 43. The T2W and FLAIR sequences show patchy white matter hyperintensities 44–46. These lesions typically do not enhance with contrast.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Cns Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Viral Central Nervous System Infections: A Primer for Clinicians

Bookstaver

Mohorn

Shah

et al. 2017

J Cent Nerv Syst Dis

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Viruses are a common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections with many host, agent, and environmental factors influencing the expression of viral diseases. Viruses can be responsible for CNS disease through a variety of mechanisms including direct infection and replication within the CNS resulting in encephalitis, infection limited to the meninges, or immune-related processes such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Common pathogens including herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for the greatest number of cases in immunocompetent hosts. Other herpes viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus) are more common in immunocompromised hosts. Arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus are important pathogens globally, but the prevalence varies significantly by geographic region and often season. Early diagnosis from radiographic evidence and molecular (eg, rapid) diagnostics is important for targeted therapy. Antivirals may be used effectively against some pathogens, although several viruses have no effective treatment. This article provides a review of epidemiology, diagnostics, and management of common viral pathogens in CNS disease.

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with WNV-CNS have identified several patterns of involvement, including leptomeningeal enhancement intracranially [51,67], abnormalities in the basal ganglia and thalamus [33,36•,68,69], temporal lobe [70], and the substantia nigra [71] and pons [36•]. Among patients with WNV-CNS with acute flaccid paralysis, abnormal enhancement in the cauda equina [36,51] and anterior regions of the spinal cord [49,57] also has been described.…”

Section: Neuropathologic and Neurodiagnostic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral encephalitis: Neuropsychiatric and neurobehavioral aspects

Arciniegas

Anderson

2004

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Viral encephalitis, a condition in which a virus infects the brain and produces an inflammatory response, affects approximately 20,000 individuals per year in the United States. The viral encephalidities include sporadic and epidemic acute viral encephalidities and subacute and chronic/progressive viral encephalitis or encephalomyelitis. In people who survive these conditions, postencephalitic impairments of elemental neurologic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function are common. This article will provide a brief overview of the diagnosis and acute management of acute viral infections of the central nervous system. The neurologic and neuropsychiatric features, neuropathologies, and treatments of two of the more common types of acute viral encephalitis in North America--herpes simplex encephalitis and West Nile encephalitis--will be reviewed. The current and future role of psychiatrists and neuropsychiatrists in the care and study of individuals with these conditions will be discussed.

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West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Child with Left‐Side Weakness

Abstract: West Nile virus typically causes self-limited fever with flulike symptoms; pediatric cases are rare. We report a unique case involving a 7-year-old girl with left-side weakness and focal temporal lobe findings resembling herpes encephalitis.

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999–2007

West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999–2007

Management of Viral Central Nervous System Infections: A Primer for Clinicians

Viral encephalitis: Neuropsychiatric and neurobehavioral aspects

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