West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999–2007

Lindsey, Nicole P.; Hayes, Edward B.; Staples, J. Erin; Fischer, Marc

doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3278

Cited by 68 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results corroborated findings from previous studies that older age is associated with more severe WNV disease, particularly hospitalization and development of encephalitis. 1,3,[5][6][7][8] In our study, the risk of severe illness increased with increasing age above 60 years. Although we found an increased risk of severe illness among males, sex was not associated with development of encephalitis or meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…For the purpose of this project, a casepatient was defined as a resident of a participating state meeting the national case definition for laboratory-confirmed or probable WNV disease 17 from 2008 to 2010. Because only about 5% of all reported WNV cases occur in children 8 and many of the medical risk factors of interest are not common in children, case-patients aged 18 years were excluded. A severe illness case was defined as a case-patient who was reported to have died or been hospitalized as a result of WNV disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,[5][6][7] Among patients with neuroinvasive disease, patients aged 50 years have substantially higher case fatality rates and are more likely to be reported as cases of encephalitis compared with younger patients. 8 With the exception of increased age, risk factors for poor outcomes among persons infected with WNV have not been clearly defined. Persons acquiring WNV infection through organ transplant from a WNV-infected donor seem to be at high risk of developing severe disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Risk Factors for Severe West Nile Virus Disease, United States, 2008–2010

Lindsey¹,

Staples²,

Lehman³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We conducted enhanced surveillance to identify medical risk factors for severe illness (i.e., hospitalization or death) and neuroinvasive disease (i.e., encephalitis or meningitis) among all West Nile virus disease cases reported from selected states from 2008 to 2010. Of the 1,090 case-patients included in the analysis, 708 (65%) case-patients were hospitalized, 641 (59%) case-patients had neuroinvasive disease, and 55 (5%) case-patients died. Chronic renal disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-12.1), history of cancer (aOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.8-7.5), history of alcohol abuse (aOR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.3-6.7), diabetes (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4-3.4), and hypertension (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) were independently associated with severe illness on multivariable analysis. Although the same medical conditions were independently associated with encephalitis, only hypertension was associated with meningitis. The only condition independently associated with death was immune suppression. Prevention messages should be targeted to persons with these conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Risk Factors for Severe West Nile Virus Disease, United States, 2008–2010

Lindsey¹,

Staples²,

Lehman³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Hayes, 2001). Rare cases of human-to-human WNV transmission have been documented via organ transplants and blood transfusion, as well as vertical transmission to the foetus in utero (Iwamoto et al, 2003;Lindsey et al, 2009). Although less than one percent of WNV infections develop neuroinvasive disease, in some 60% of patients presenting with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms denoting neuroinvasive disease, life-threatening encephalitis supervenes (Samuel & Diamond, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although less than one percent of WNV infections develop neuroinvasive disease, in some 60% of patients presenting with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms denoting neuroinvasive disease, life-threatening encephalitis supervenes (Samuel & Diamond, 2009). The young, immunocompromised and elderly are at highest risk of developing encephalitis (Weiss et al, 2001;Guarner et al, 2004;Lindsey et al, 2009). Climate change, geographic factors and international travel, as well as local factors, such as mosquito rates and land clearing (E.A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunopathogenesis of Neurotropic Flavivirus Infection

King¹,

C²,

Rl³

et al. 2011

Flavivirus Encephalitis

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Prospective study of pregnancy and newborn outcomes in mothers with West nile illness during pregnancy

Pridjian

Sirois

McRae

et al. 2016

Birth Defects Research

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Background A previous case report of West Nile virus (WNV) illness during pregnancy suggested that WNV could be a cause of congenital defects. We performed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women with WNV illness to increase our knowledge of the effects of WNV illness during pregnancy. Methods Participants were enrolled in 2005 to 2008 from pregnant women with serologically confirmed WNV illness reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Comparison was made to WNV-uninfected women, matched on maternal age and enrollment month. Pregnancy and newborn data were collected; cord blood WNV serology was obtained. Pediatric exams and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) were performed. Results Twenty-eight WNV-infected mothers and 25 WNV-uninfected mothers participated. Maternal demographics were similar except for a higher rate of planned pregnancies, education, and household income in the WNV-uninfected mothers. There were no differences in pregnancy and delivery characteristics except that infected mothers had a higher incidence of febrile illnesses and used more medications. Birth weight, length, head circumference, and rate of congenital malformations were similar in babies born to WNV-infected and -uninfected mothers. Follow-up physical exams were generally normal. The Bayley-III assessments, available for 17 children born to mothers with WNV illness, showed performance at or above age level across domains. Conclusion The risk for adverse pregnancy and newborn outcomes in women experiencing WNV illness in pregnancy appears to be low, but future studies with larger numbers are needed to rule out a small risk.

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West Nile Virus Disease in Children, United States, 1999–2007

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Medical Risk Factors for Severe West Nile Virus Disease, United States, 2008–2010

Medical Risk Factors for Severe West Nile Virus Disease, United States, 2008–2010

The Immunopathogenesis of Neurotropic Flavivirus Infection

Prospective study of pregnancy and newborn outcomes in mothers with West nile illness during pregnancy

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