Wellbeing and flow in sports and music students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

The aim of the study was to explore emotional and cognitive aspects of subjective wellbeing and flow in music and sports students during the lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (314 higher education sports and music students) answered questions about measure of flow, satisfaction with life, satisfaction with studying, positive and negative affect, and COVID-19 impact. The results revealed differences in eight flow dimensions and a global flow score in favor of sports students. Differences were also found in affect: sports students experienced more positive affect and less negative affect than musicians. However, there were no significant differences with regard to satisfaction with life or satisfaction with study, and music and sports students perceived the COVID-19 impact equally. Gender differences were found for three flow dimensions and the global flow score (female students experienced flow less frequently than males) and satisfaction with studying (higher scores for female students). However, no gender differences were detected for satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, or COVID-19 impact. The results of regression analyses showed that satisfaction with life and studying, positive and negative affect, and COVID-19 impact could all be predicted on the basis of flow dimensions.

Effects of Sports Massage on the Physiological and Mental Health of College Students Participating in a 7-Week Intermittent Exercises Program

“…During the experimental period, both groups were tested to perform a 7-min intermittent exercise experiment, and their physical fitness performance, body composition, and body composition were monitored. The questionnaires were compiled with reference to the literature [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], and the subjects’ physical and mental health cognitions were continuously collected and validated by statistical validation using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Lastly, all the information was gathered and integrated by a rigorous sequence of consolidation, organization, and analysis so as to finally construct the article [ 68 ] and analyze the results with multivariate verification [ 69 , 70 ].…”

“…The physical and mental health scale was developed with reference to relevant literature [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], and then three coaches with national sports team coaching experience and academics in the fields of exercise physiology and psychology were invited to review the contents of the questionnaire. Ten questionnaires were distributed initially, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaires were examined using SPSS 26.0 statistical software, and a high-reliability question with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.7 or higher was used for follow-up analysis [ 71 ].…”

“…Although exercise helps to improve health [ 22 ], long-term training produces periodic fatigue [ 12 , 44 , 45 ] and results in tiredness and muscle discomfort [ 16 , 29 , 30 ], which in turn affects the willingness to exercise. Studies have confirmed that massage helps to reduce exercise fatigue [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], prolong the ability to exercise, and preserve health.…”

“…Massage studies, on the other hand, focus on the treatment of cervical nerve [ 36 ] and lower back pain [ 39 ] as well as the relief of muscle soreness [ 40 , 41 ]. In the context of the current COVID-19 epidemic, only a few studies have examined the effects of massage and intermittent exercise on adolescents’ exercise behavior [ 42 ], daily activity and respiratory status [ 43 , 44 ], and physical and mental health [ 45 , 46 ]. Besides, there has been no study combining the themes of massage and intermittent exercise.…”

Physical Activity and Anxiety of Chinese University Students: Mediation of Self-System

“…Theoretically, several theories and models address the relationship between PA and psychological well-being [ 21 ]. For instance, researchers who developed the biopsychosocial model (BPSM) of physical and mental health proposed that PA promotes mental health and reduces depression and anxiety [ 22 , 23 ].…”