Well-defined dendrimer encapsulated ruthenium SCILL catalysts for partial hydrogenation of toluene in liquid-phase

Unraveling Toluene Conversion during the Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Cyclohexene (in Toluene) with Rh Hybrid Catalysts

“…The activity of the SA20-RhCOD catalyst for toluene hydrogenation is in line with that reported for SCILL catalysts (solid catalysts with ionic liquid layer) in which dendrimer encapsulated Ru nanoparticles supported on silica are coated with an ionic liquid layer [22]. The catalysts, tested in the liquid phase hydrogenation of toluene at 383 K and 30 bar H 2 , show reaction rate values that range from 0.5•10 8 to 2.0•10 8 (mol tol )•(mol Ru ) −1 m −3 h −1 depending on the IL used.…”

“…The catalysts, tested in the liquid phase hydrogenation of toluene at 383 K and 30 bar H 2 , show reaction rate values that range from 0.5•10 8 to 2.0•10 8 (mol tol )•(mol Ru ) −1 m −3 h −1 depending on the IL used. The toluene conversion of catalyst SA20-RhCOD in 10 h corresponds to a reaction rate of 1.37•10 8 (mol tol )•(mol Rh ) −1 m −3 h −1 (and to a turn over frequency (TOF) of 0.0190 s −1 ) which was achieved in significantly milder conditions, 333 K and 10 bar H 2 than those reported in [22]. This catalyst is also clearly more active for toluene hydrogenation than other catalysts based on Rh nanoparticles in ionic liquid [23].…”

The conversion of α-pinene to cis-pinane using a nickel catalyst supported on a discarded fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with an ionic liquid layer

“…The quality of the residual ionic liquid estimated by the thermogravimetric analysis may not be accurate enough, but it could reect the fact of the leaching loss of ionic liquid during the multiple cycles of reaction as reported in some literature. 34,42,54 Overall, these studies demonstrate greatly enhanced reusability and selectivity of the IL-Ni/DF3C catalyst, which is attributed to the effects of the ionic liquid layer.…”

“…Since the ionic liquid layer was only a few nm thick, when the ionic liquid loading was less enough, the diffusion inside lm will play a minor role in the overall rate. 42 As increasing the ionic liquid loading or even as reaction solvent, the ionic liquid might be able to block the active sites and the internal pores of the catalyst, at this time, the mass transfer resistance might not be ignored in the reaction rate. 31 In summary, it can be inferred that the mass resistance alone was not the only reason for the reduced reaction rate in SCILL catalytic system, but also the chemical interaction between the [C 2 OHmim][BF 4 ] layer and the active site on the surface of the SCILL catalyst.…”

Dendrimer-Stabilized Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized in Organo-Silica Materials for Hydrogenation of Phenols

“…Traditional hybrid catalysts, based on amorphous or mesoporous silica and PPI or PAMAM dendrimers, are synthesized via dendron immobilization onto the surface of ready carrier [41,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. These materials are characterized by low dendrimer content and irregular dendrimer coating of the surface: anchoring of subsequent bulky dendrons is hindered due to diffusion limitations (bulky dendrons interfere with each other).…”