The conversion of α-pinene to <i>cis</i>-pinane using a nickel catalyst supported on a discarded fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with an ionic liquid layer

Hu, Shunyou; Wang, Linlin; Chen, Xiaopeng; Wei, Xiaojie; Tong, Zhangfa; Yin, Lijiang

doi:10.1039/c9ra00675c

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The hydrogenation of turpentine and its main components, α-pinene and β-pinene, has been researched for many years and continues to the present with different application objectives. However, the number of studies about hydrogenation of monoterpenes directed to the production of renewable fuels is scarce, and they were focused on the production of renewable diesel, and in just one case on jet fuel …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenated Turpentine: A Biobased Component for Jet Fuel

et al. 2020

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The need to find sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels in aviation without requiring drastic structural changes in turbines and tanks has prompted a search for new components to blend with the standard Jet A1. Turpentine obtained by vacuum distillation of resin extracted from the common pine Pinus pinaster or as a byproduct of the paper industry is compared with hydrogenated turpentine at different levels of conversion as a component of jet blends. Properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, heating values, lubricity, flash point, pour point, crystallization onset temperature, and smoke point are reported. Turpentine shows high soot formation tendency. Hydrogenation was carried out as a method to saturate the double bonds of pinenes and to overcome this problem. The performance of four hydrogenated turpentines at different levels of turpentine–hydroturpentine conversion proves improvements in some key properties and especially reductions in the sooting tendency, concluding that partially hydrogenated turpentine can be blended up to 50% v/v with Jet A1, fulfilling the limit required by the standard specification for aviation turbine fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenated Turpentine: A Biobased Component for Jet Fuel

et al. 2020

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“…The ionic liquid in the SCILL system also appeared to be useful in the development of an active and selective hydrogenation catalyst, one of the components of which was the discarded fluid cracking catalyst DF3C. The latter was used as a support in the catalytic system containing 10 wt% nickel and ionic liquid (1-ethanol-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) [96]. The system was employed for the hydrogenation of α-pinene to cis-pinane and enabled the maintaining of the conversion of α-pinene on the level of about 99% during 13 catalytic cycles, after which the performance of the catalyst deteriorated due to leaching of the ionic liquid.…”

Section: Solid Catalyst With Ionic Liquid Layer (Scill)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalysis with the Participation of Ionic Liquids

et al. 2020

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This mini-review briefly describes the recent progress in the design and development of catalysts based on the presence of ionic liquids. In particular, the focus was on heterogeneous systems (supported ionic liquid (IL) phase catalysts (SILPC), solid catalysts with ILs (SCILL), porous liquids), which due to the low amounts of ionic liquids needed for their production, eliminate basic problems observed in the case of the employment of ionic liquids in homogeneous systems, such as high price, high viscosity, and efficient isolation from post-reaction mixtures.

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“…For instance, Wang et al 9 used a Ni‐supported spent fluid cracking catalyst (Ni/SFCC) for the hydrogenation of α‐pinene and obtained a selectivity of 90.2%. It was observed that the performance of Ni/SFCC could be improved by modifying the catalyst using an ionic liquid 10 . Zhang et al 11 prepared a graphene‐based nickel alloy (Ni‐B/rGO) for the hydrogenation of pinene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that the performance of Ni/SFCC could be improved by modifying the catalyst using an ionic liquid. 10 Zhang et al 11 prepared a graphene-based nickel alloy (Ni-B/rGO) for the hydrogenation of pinene. Their study reported that the selectivity of cis-pinane was more than 96.5%, and the catalyst can be reused eight times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective hydrogenation of α‐pinene on a nickel supported aluminophosphate catalyst: Process optimization and reaction kinetics

Yang

Xiang

Jiang

et al. 2020

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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cis‐Pinane, the hydrogenation product of pinene, is a key chemical intermediate and its production is an important forest chemical process. In this study, α‐pinene was hydrogenated using a nickel‐supported aluminophosphate catalyst (Ni/APO‐PT) in the batch mode of operation. The pore structure of the catalyst was characterized, the process parameters were studied, the hydrogenation process was optimized, and the kinetic study was conducted. The results showed that the conversion of pinene was positively correlated with temperature, duration, and catalyst dosage. In contrast, the selectivity of cis‐pinane was negatively correlated with temperature and catalyst dosage. An optimization was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM). A selectivity of 96.2% was obtained with α‐pinene conversion of 98.5% under optimal conditions, that is, a temperature of 405 K, reaction time of 60 min, hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa, and catalyst loading of 3.32 wt%. The reusability of the catalyst was studied, and the catalyst was found to maintain efficient activity for seven cycles. The kinetics of hydrogenation were investigated using both linear and nonlinear methods in the absence of diffusional limitation. In the temperature range from 403 to 433 K, the hydrogenation of α‐pinene to pinane was compatible with the pseudo‐first‐order process, and the activation energies for the formation of cis‐pinane and trans‐pinane were 41.8 and 56.1 kJ/mol, respectively. This study shows that the performance of the Ni/APO‐PT catalyst is similar to that of noble metals and the catalyst has the potential for industrial applications.

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The conversion of α-pinene to cis-pinane using a nickel catalyst supported on a discarded fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with an ionic liquid layer

Abstract: The Ni/DF3C coated with ionic liquid layer exhibits excellent selectivity toward cis-pinane and stability in the hydrogenation of α-pinene.

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Hydrogenated Turpentine: A Biobased Component for Jet Fuel

Hydrogenated Turpentine: A Biobased Component for Jet Fuel

Heterogeneous Catalysis with the Participation of Ionic Liquids

Selective hydrogenation of α‐pinene on a nickel supported aluminophosphate catalyst: Process optimization and reaction kinetics

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