Heterogeneous Catalysis with the Participation of Ionic Liquids

Abstract

This mini-review briefly describes the recent progress in the design and development of catalysts based on the presence of ionic liquids. In particular, the focus was on heterogeneous systems (supported ionic liquid (IL) phase catalysts (SILPC), solid catalysts with ILs (SCILL), porous liquids), which due to the low amounts of ionic liquids needed for their production, eliminate basic problems observed in the case of the employment of ionic liquids in homogeneous systems, such as high price, high viscosity, and efficient isolation from post-reaction mixtures.

Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Oleyl Oleate Wax Ester Using Ionic Liquid Catalysts

“…Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts is well documented in the literature [4][5][6]. However, several limitations, such as an excess of the catalysts or amounts of reactants to achieve efficient conversion, removal of water during the reaction, long reaction times, and large amounts of effluent generation during work-up are associated with these processes [7]. The catalyst used in traditional esterification is mainly acidic homogeneous catalysts, such as sulphuric acid, as well as solid acid.…”

Internal Dynamics of Ionic Liquids over a Broad Temperature Range—The Role of the Cation Structure

“…Properties of ionic liquids can be tailored by varying cation and anion structure, which in turn causes changes to the structure and dynamics of these compounds as a whole [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. This makes them a unique class of systems of various applications: as electrolytes [ 2 , 4 ], solvents, and catalysts for chemical synthesis [ 5 ] or bioactive agents and pharmaceuticals [ 6 , 7 ] among others. In the context of both the fundamental and applied sciences, it is the dynamics of ionic liquids that raise a lot of interest.…”

SILP materials based on TiO2–SiO2 and TiO2–SiO2/lignin supports as new catalytic materials for hydrosilylation reaction – synthesis, physicochemical characterization and catalysis

“…That is why much attention is paid to heterogeneous catalytic systems for hydrosilylation reaction, that would permit easy isolation of the catalytically active substance from the post-reaction mixture and its use in subsequent catalytic cycles. [6][7][8][9] One of the recent solutions proposed for heterogenization of the homogeneous catalysts is based on the use of SILP (Supported Ionic Liquid Phase) materials. The SILP systems are obtained by physical impregnation of the support with an ionic liquid that immobilizes a given metal or metal complex.…”