Welding, a risk factor of lung cancer: the ICARE study

Matrat, M.; Guida, Florence; Mattei, Francesca; Cénée, Sylvie; Cyr, Diane; Févotte, Joëlle; Sanchez, Marie; Menvielle, Gwenn; Radoï, Loredana; Schmaus, Annie; Woronoff, Anne‐Sophie; Luce, Danièle; Stücker, Isabelle

doi:10.1136/oemed-2015-102964

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the SYNERGY study, a link has been suggested between WFs for SqCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) [160], confirming previous studies where welders had a high risk of SqCC [158,161,162]. Ambivalent results have been reported on the association between occasional welding exposure and lung cancer risk [163]. A recent cohort study on 12,845 welders, who were followed from 1991 to 2010, showed an elevated hazard ratio (HR = 1.16) for lung cancer and in particular for SCLC (HR = 1.54) and SqCC (HR = 1.19) [164].…”

Section: Lung Cancersupporting

confidence: 67%

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Riccelli

Goldoni

Poli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Welding fumes (WFs) are composed of fine and ultrafine particles, which may reach the distal airways and represent a risk factor for respiratory diseases. (2) Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies to understand WFs pathogenesis were selected. Epidemiological studies, original articles, review, and meta-analysis to examine solely respiratory disease in welders were included. A systematic literature search, using PubMed, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center (NIOSHTIC), and Web of Science databases, was performed. (3) Results: Dose, time of exposure, and composition of WFs affect lung injury. Inflammation, lung defense suppression, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxic effects were observed after exposure both to mild and stainless steel WFs. (4) Conclusions: The detection of lung diseases associated with specific occupational exposure is crucial as complete avoidance or reduction of the exposure is difficult to achieve. Further studies in the area of particle research may aid the understanding of mechanisms involved in welding-related lung disease and to expand knowledge in welding-related cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Lung Cancersupporting

confidence: 67%

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Riccelli

Goldoni

Poli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Some studies are conflicting, however (Sorensen et al, 2007). Welding exposures are complex because of the diversity of welding modalities used in the workplace and the potential for confounders or additional occupational exposures (Antonini, 2014; Matrat et al, 2016). Welders often perform multiple types of welding processes throughout their lifetime, further complicating epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation of iron-abundant gas metal arc welding-mild steel fume promotes lung tumors in mice

et al. 2018

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Welding fumes were reclassified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2017. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a process widely used in industry. Fume generated from GMAW-mild steel (MS) is abundant in iron with some manganese, while GMAW-stainless steel (SS) fume also contains significant amounts of chromium and nickel, known carcinogenic metals. It has been shown that exposure to GMAW-SS fume in A/J mice promotes lung tumors. The objective was to determine if GMAW-MS fume, which lacks known carcinogenic metals, also promotes lung tumors in mice. Male A/J mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil or the initiator 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA; 10 μg/g) and, one week later, were exposed by whole-body inhalation to GMAW-MS aerosols for 4 hours/day x 4 days/week x 8 weeks at a mean concentration of 34.5 mg/m. Lung nodules were enumerated by gross examination at 30 weeks post-initiation. GMAW-MS fume significantly increased lung tumor multiplicity in mice initiated with MCA (21.86 ± 1.50) compared to MCA/air-exposed mice (8.34 ± 0.59). Histopathological analysis confirmed these findings and also revealed an absence of inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis also indicated a lack of lung inflammation and toxicity after short-term inhalation exposure to GMAW-MS fume. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that inhalation of GMAW-MS fume promotes lung tumors in vivo and aligns with epidemiologic evidence that shows MS welders, despite less exposure to carcinogenic metals, are at an increased risk for lung cancer.

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“…Findings of elevated lung cancer risk in epidemiologic studies (4,5,12,15,25,26) provided sufficient evidence for the Abbreviations: AUT, Arbeit und Technik; HdA, Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens. a Subjects who were never exposed to metal fumes from welding or smelting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Welding is a primary industrial process for joining metal parts, and welding fumes have been classified as carcinogenic to humans (2). In past epidemiologic studies, exposure to welding fumes was frequently assessed through job title and duration of welding (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Although different welding processes generate different mixtures of particulate matter and metals (9, 10), excess relative risks were observed for lung cancer regardless of the welding technique or type of steel (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Welding Fumes, Hexavalent Chromium, or Nickel and Risk of Lung Cancer

Pesch¹,

Kendzia²,

Pohlabeln³

et al. 2019

American Journal of Epidemiology

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To investigate the risk of lung cancer after exposure to welding fumes, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), and nickel, we analyzed 3,418 lung cancer cases and 3,488 controls among men from 2 German case-control studies (1988–1996). We developed a welding-process exposure matrix from measurements of these agents, and this was linked with welding histories from a job-specific questionnaire to calculate cumulative exposure variables. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios with confidence intervals conditional on study, and they adjusted for age, smoking, and working in other at-risk occupations. Additionally, we mutually adjusted for the other exposure variables under study. Overall, 800 cases and 645 controls ever worked as regular or occasional welders. Odds ratios for lung cancer with high exposure were 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.05; median, 1.8 mg/m3 × years) for welding fumes, 1.85 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.54; median, 1.4 μg/m3 × years) for Cr(VI), and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.12; median, 9 μg/m3 × years) for nickel. Risk estimates increased with increasing cumulative exposure to welding fumes and with increasing exposure duration for Cr(VI) and nickel. Our results showed that welding fumes, Cr(VI), and nickel might contribute independently to the excess lung cancer risk associated with welding. However, quantitative exposure assessment remains challenging.

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Welding, a risk factor of lung cancer: the ICARE study

Abstract: Although these results should be confirmed, we showed that type of welding and mode of workpiece preparation are important determinants of the lung cancer risk in regular welders.

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Inhalation of iron-abundant gas metal arc welding-mild steel fume promotes lung tumors in mice

Exposure to Welding Fumes, Hexavalent Chromium, or Nickel and Risk of Lung Cancer

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