Exposure to Welding Fumes, Hexavalent Chromium, or Nickel and Risk of Lung Cancer

Pesch, Beate; Kendzia, Benjamin; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Wichmann, Heinz‐Erich; Siemiatycki, Jack; Taeger, Dirk; Zschiesche, W; Behrens, Thomas; Jöckel, Karl‐Heinz; Brüning, Thomas

doi:10.1093/aje/kwz187

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…In a recent evaluation the working group of IARC concluded that there is "sufficient evidence in humans" that WFs cause lung cancer (group 1) [139]. Pesch et al [140] investigated the risk of lung cancer after exposure to WFs, Cr (VI), and Ni, analyzing 3418 lung cancer cases and 3488 controls among men from two German case-control studies . ORs for lung cancer with high exposure were 1.55 (95% CI: 1.17; median: 2.05; 1.8 µg/m 3 × years) for WFs, 1.85 (95% CI: 1.35; median: 2.54; 1.4 µg/m 3 × years) for Cr (VI), and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.21; median: 2.12; 9 µg/m 3 × years) for Ni, showing that these three agents might contribute independently to the excess lung cancer risk.…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Riccelli

Goldoni

Poli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Welding fumes (WFs) are composed of fine and ultrafine particles, which may reach the distal airways and represent a risk factor for respiratory diseases. (2) Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies to understand WFs pathogenesis were selected. Epidemiological studies, original articles, review, and meta-analysis to examine solely respiratory disease in welders were included. A systematic literature search, using PubMed, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center (NIOSHTIC), and Web of Science databases, was performed. (3) Results: Dose, time of exposure, and composition of WFs affect lung injury. Inflammation, lung defense suppression, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxic effects were observed after exposure both to mild and stainless steel WFs. (4) Conclusions: The detection of lung diseases associated with specific occupational exposure is crucial as complete avoidance or reduction of the exposure is difficult to achieve. Further studies in the area of particle research may aid the understanding of mechanisms involved in welding-related lung disease and to expand knowledge in welding-related cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Riccelli

Goldoni

Poli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Besides contaminating sources such as commercial items, a major source of Ni is through vaping and the inhalation of Ni contaminated vapor (6,7). Numerous reports have linked exposure to Ni through processes like welding, electroplating, and painting (8)(9)(10)(11). Of the metals that fall within the broad category of 'heavy metals,' Ni has been understudied compared to metals like mercury, lead, cadmium (Cd), and manganese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium

Wallace¹,

Buha-Đorđević²,

Benton³

2020

Arhiv za farmaciju

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Nickel compounds are Group 1 carcinogens and possibly cancer-causing in the pancreas. We examined the toxicity of nickel in both 2-D and 3-D pancreatic cell cultures, to determine the LD50 for organic and inorganic nickel in normal and cancerous cells. Assays with cadmium chloride were performed to be a comparison to potential nickel-induced toxicity. Cells were exposed to twelve concentrations of NiCl2 or Ni-(Ac)2 for 48h (2-D), or six concentrations for 48 hours (3-D). There was a significant (P=0.0016) difference between HPNE and AsPC-1 LD50 values after cadmium exposure, at 69.9 µM and 29.2 µM, respectively. Neither form of nickel exhibited toxicity in 2-D or 3-D cultures, but after 48h, changes in spheroid morphology were observed. The inability of Ni to reduce viable cell numbers suggests a toxic mechanism that differs from cadmium, also a Group 1 carcinogen. The cell microenvironment was not a factor in nickel toxicity with no changes in viable cells in either 2-D or 3-D cultures. These studies only examined cytotoxicity, and not genotoxicity, a potential mechanism of nickel carcinogenicity. Alterations in DNA function or the expression of apoptotic proteins/processes would take longer to manifest. Current work focuses on cellular changes following extended nickel exposure.

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“…This speculation is supported by a patient-control study on 3,418 German lung cancer patients between 1988 and 1996, in which the analysis on the impact of above-median exposures to welding fumes (1.8 mg/m 3 × years), nickel (9 μg/m 3 × years), and chromium (VI) (1.4 μg/m 3 × years) in lung cancer showed that the OR for welding fumes was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.17–2.05), the OR for nickel was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.21–2.12), and the OR for chromium (VI) was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.35–2.54). 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies that not only the presence of exposure, but also the level of exposure. 21 32 Therefore, it is believed that lung cancer should be screened not only based on the presence or absence of exposure but also based on more specific criteria such as job type and exposure level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Lung-RADS categories according to job type in a single shipyard workers

Chung

Shin

Kim

et al. 2021

Ann Occup Environ Med

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Background Recently, lung cancer screenings based on age and smoking history using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) have begun in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of lung imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) categories in shipyard workers exposed to lung carcinogens such as nickel, chromium, and welding fumes according to job type, to provide basic data regarding indications for LDCT in shipyard workers. Methods This study included 6,326 workers from a single shipyard, who underwent health examinations with LDCT between January 2010 and December 2018. Data on age, smoking status and history, medical history, and job type were investigated. The participants were categorized into high-exposure, low-exposure, and non-exposure job groups based on the estimated exposure level of nickel, chromium, and welding fumes according to job type. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the difference between exposure groups in Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 (3, 4A, and 4B). Results Out of all participants, 97 (1.5%) participants were classified into Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 and 7 (0.1%) participants were confirmed as lung cancer. The positive predictive value (ratio of diagnosed lung cancer cases to Lung-RADS category ≥ 3) was 7.2%. The hazard ratio (HR) of Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 was 1.451 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.911–2.309) in low-exposure and 1.692 (95% CI: 1.007–2.843) in high-exposure job group. Adjusting for age and pack-years, the HR was statistically significant only in the high-exposure job group (HR: 1.689; 95% CI: 1.004–2.841). Conclusions Based on LDCT and Lung-RADS, among male shipyard workers, Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 were significantly higher in the high-exposure job group. Their HR tended to be > 1.0 and was statistically significant in the high-exposure job group. Additional studies should be conducted to establish more elaborate LDCT indications for occupational health examination.

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Exposure to Welding Fumes, Hexavalent Chromium, or Nickel and Risk of Lung Cancer

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium

Distribution of Lung-RADS categories according to job type in a single shipyard workers

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