Weight of Adrenal Glands May Be Increased in Persons Who Commit Suicide

Dumser, Thomas; Barocka, A.; Schubert, Evelyn

doi:10.1097/00000433-199803000-00014

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…This reactivity pattern suggests an increased adrenal sensitivity (since no difference was found on the cortisol response, despite much lower ACTH levels) with a greatly decreased pituitary sensitivity (almost no response to CRH). This same pattern has been consistently reported in several psychiatric disorders such as major depression and has been interpreted as indicating chronic stress with chronically increased central CRH secretion, down-regulation of pituitary CRH receptors, and a compensatory up-regulation of adrenal ACTH receptors (Dumser et al, 1998;Gold et al, 1986aGold et al, , 1986bKrishnan et al, 1991;Raadsheer et al, 1994). This interpretation is also reinforced by the statistical trend for a lower baseline ACTH/cortisol ratio found in both disease groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Martins

Alves

Trinca³

et al. 2002

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Development of some immune-mediated disorders may depend on dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To explore neuropsychologic mechanisms in relation to the abnormal endocrine reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) we used the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and the Edinburgh Inventory of Manual Preference Inventory (EIMP). Compared to controls, the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) response to CRH was reduced in CHC, while SLE presented reduced baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels; higher neurotic scores were found in SLE and higher behavior deviant scores in CHC. Peak ACTH levels were a significant factor for the MMPI profile variability, while the manual preference score was a significant factor for the ACTH response. Personality and manual preference contribute to neuroendocrine abnormalities. Different behavioral and neuroimmunoendocrine models emerge for these disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Martins

Alves

Trinca³

et al. 2002

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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show abstract

“…26 Similarly, the adrenal glands in MDD and in suicide victims are larger, have an increased adrenal cortex, and an exaggerated cortisol response after ACTH administration. [27][28][29][30] These human observations have led several authors to suggest that peripheral HPA axis elements are responsible for the observed hypercortisolemia in MDD. 27,31,32 Our psychosocial stress paradigm also mirrors the increased stress reactivity of the HPA axis in MDD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of theglucocorticoid receptorpromoter 1₇in adult rats

et al. 2012

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“…Over a 15 year follow-up period, DST cortisol nonsuppressors had an approximately 14 fold higher risk of suicide compared to suppressors 187 , and our recent meta-analysis found that for mood disorder individuals, DST nonsuppressors had a 4.5 fold risk of dying by suicide. 188 There have been fewer neuroanatomical studies of HPA axis with respect to suicide, however reported anomalies include larger pituitary and larger adrenal gland volumes found post mortem and using MRI in vivo in depressed suicide victims [189][190][191][192] …”

Section: Hpa Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Genes and the Biology of Suicidal Behavior

Currier

Mann

2008

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

131

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Suicidal behavior is in part heritable. Studies seeking the responsible candidate genes have examined genes involved in neurotransmitter systems demonstrated to have altered function in suicide and attempted suicide. These neurotransmitter systems include the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems and the HPA axis. With some exceptions, most notably the serotonin transporter promotor HTTLPR polymorphism, replication of candidate gene association studies findings has proven difficult. This chapter reviews what is known of specific gene effects and geneenvironment interactions that influence risk for suicidal behavior. Effects of childhood stress on development and how that influences adult responses to current stress will be shown to be relevant for mood disorders, aggressive/impulsive traits and suicidal behavior. KeywordsSuicide; Mood Disorders; Genetics; Stress; Serotonin; HPA axis Suicidal Behavior and GeneticsFamily, twin, and adoption studies provide evidence of the heritability of suicide and attempted suicide, in part independent of the familial transmission of major psychiatric disorders (see Brent & Mann for a review 1 ). From twin studies, based on case and register studies, estimates of heritability for suicide range between 21-50%, and 30-55% for a broader phenotype of suicidal behavior (attempts, thoughts, plans) based on general population studies. 2 Identifying the relevant genes and the neurobiological pathways through which they contribute to the etiology of suicidal behavior is important for designing and implementing preventative strategies. The first wave of genetic studies sought to identify genes involved in suicide and/ or attempted suicide by linkage studies or specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in association studies. Emerging approaches aim to investigate functional genomics using microarray technologies to profile expression of thousands of genes simultaneously (see Mirnics et al 3 for a review) or doing a genome wide array for hundreds of thousands of SNPs.Candidate genes for association studies have been generally selected based on evidence from neurobiological studies in suicide. Consequently, the serotonergic system has been most extensively investigated, with other target systems including the dopaminergic and

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Weight of Adrenal Glands May Be Increased in Persons Who Commit Suicide

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Epigenetic regulation of theglucocorticoid receptorpromoter 1₇in adult rats

Stress, Genes and the Biology of Suicidal Behavior

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Weight of Adrenal Glands May Be Increased in Persons Who Commit Suicide

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Epigenetic regulation of theglucocorticoid receptorpromoter 17in adult rats

Stress, Genes and the Biology of Suicidal Behavior

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Epigenetic regulation of theglucocorticoid receptorpromoter 1₇in adult rats