Weight loss leads to a marked decrease in nonresting energy expenditure in ambulatory human subjects

Weigle, David S.; Sande, Karon J.; Iverius, Per Henrik; Monsen, Elaine R; Brunzell, John D.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(88)90149-7

Cited by 115 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, linkage and polymorphism studies have shown a role for UCPs in energy metabolism [4,5]. A decreased expression of UCPs after weight loss could thus account for the observed decrease in energy expenditure after weight loss [34,35]. In our present study, the change in skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content did, however, not correlate with the change in resting energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

The effect of weight reduction on skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content in Type II diabetic subjects

et al. 2000

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The uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3) are probable candidates for underlieing the variability in human energy metabolism. The uncoupling protein genes encode for mitochondrial protein carriers, which uncouple mitochondrial respiration from ATP production and thus stimulates heat production [1]. The UCP2 is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues, whereas UCP3 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle [2,3]. Furthermore, UCP3 is expressed in a long (UCP3L) and a short (UCP3S) isoform, the latter lacking part of exon 6 and exon 7, probably resulting in a truncated protein. Genetic studies have indicated that polymorphisms in the UCP2 or UCP3 gene or both are associated with altered metabolic rate [4,5]. Recently, we showed that the expression Diabetologia (2000) Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of weight loss on UCP2/UCP3 mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content in subjects with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.Methods. We studied seven Type II diabetic subjects who followed a 10-week very low calorie diet. Expression of skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA was measured using RT-competitive PCR and UCP3 protein content by western blotting, before and after the diet. Total and plasma fatty acid oxidation was measured using infusion of 13 C labelled palmitate. Results. Body weight decreased from 105.5 8.2 kg to 91.6 7.2 kg (p < 0.001), after 10 weeks of diet intervention. Expression of UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA were significantly reduced after 10 weeks of diet (p < 0.05) but UCP3 protein contents were not significantly altered. Notably, the change in UCP3L mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content after the very low calorie diet were negatively associated with changes in body weight (r = ± 0.97, p = 0.006 and r = ± 0.83, p = 0.043, respectively) and BMI (r = ± 0.99, p = 0.0007 and r = ± 0.9, p = 0.016, respectively). Furthermore, changes in UCP3L mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content induced by the diet were positively correlated with changes in cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein content (r = 0.93, p = 0.023 and r = 0.84, p = 0.039, respectively). No correlation between diet-induced changes in UCP3 protein and resting energy expenditure or plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were found. Conclusion/interpretation. The negative correlation between the change in UCP3 protein content after weight loss and the change in BMI, suggests that the decrease in UCP3 during weight loss could prevent further weight loss. The finding that the change in UCP3 protein content correlates with the change in skeletal muscle fatty acid-binding protein content, suggests a role for UCPs in the handling of lipids as a fuel. [Diabetologia (2000)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

The effect of weight reduction on skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content in Type II diabetic subjects

et al. 2000

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“…This possibility is supported by the data of Weigle et al (18) who found that decreased nonresting energy expenditure accounted for over 70% of the decrease in estimated 24-h energy expenditure of 7 subjects studied before and after weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Metabolic predictors of obesity. Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fuel utilization to four-year weight gain of post-obese and never-obese women.

Weinsier¹,

Nelson²,

Hensrud³

et al. 1995

J. Clin. Invest.

147

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This prospective study was designed to identify abnormalities of energy expenditure and fuel utilization which distinguish post-obese women from never-obese controls. 24 moderately obese, postmenopausal, nondiabetic women with a familial predisposition to obesity underwent assessments of body composition, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure, and fuel utilization in the obese state and after weight loss (mean 12.9 kg) to a post-obese, normal-weight state. The post-obese women were compared with 24 never-obese women of comparable age and body composition. Four years later, without intervention, body weight was reassessed in both groups. Results indicated that all parameters measured in the post-obese women were similar to the never-obese controls: mean resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fasting and postprandial substrate oxidation and insulinglucose patterns. Four years later, post-obese women regained a mean of 10.9 kg while control subjects remained lean (mean gain 1.7 kg) (P < 0.001 between groups). Neither energy expenditure nor fuel oxidation correlated with 4-yr weight changes, whereas self-reported physical inactivity was associated with greater weight regain.The data suggest that weight gain in obesity-prone women may be due to maladaptive responses to the environment, such as physical inactivity or excess energy intake, rather than to reduced energy requirements. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 95:980-985.)

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“…Other studies have evaluated the possible role oflow energy expenditure in the development ofobesity by studying reduced obese subjects, assuming that their metabolic rate reverts to its preobese condition when weight is normalized. Obese individuals have higher energy expenditures than lean individuals (27), and energy expenditure declines during weight loss in obese patients (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). There is extremely little information however, regarding the energy expenditure of obese subjects who were reduced to and stabilized at a normal body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic rate may also have a significant genetic component (9,10), and a low resting metabolic rate (RMR)' or total energy expenditure (TEE) is associated with an increased risk of gaining weight in southwestern American Indians (11). In addition, several studies suggest that reduced obese individuals have decreased energy expenditure, which might predispose them to gain weight or regain lost weight (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Others have found energy expenditure to be normal in reduced obese individuals (20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and resting energy expenditure in obese women reduced to ideal body weight.

Amatruda¹,

Statt²,

Welle³

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

110

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Obesity could be due to excess energy intake or decreased energy expenditure (EE). To evaluate this, we studied 18 obese females (148±8% of ideal body weight IIBW1, mean±SD) before and after achieving and stabilizing at IBW for at least 2 mo and a control group of 14 never obese females (< 110% of IBW or < 30% fat).In the obese, reduced obese, and never obese groups, the percent of body fat was 41±4%, 27±4%, and 25±3%; total energy expenditure (TEE) was 2704±449, 2473±495, and 2259±192 kcal/24 h; while resting metabolic rate was 1496±169, 1317±159, and 1341±103 kcal/24 h, respectively. 15 obese subjects who withdrew from the study had a mean initial body composition and EE similar to the subjects who were successful in achieving IBW. In 10 subjects followed for at least one year after stabilizing at IBW there was no significant relationship between the deviation from predicted TEE at IBW and weight regain.These studies indicate that, in a genetically heterogeneous female population, neither the propensity to become obese nor to maintain the obese state are due to an inherent metabolic abnormality characterized by a low EE. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993.

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Weight loss leads to a marked decrease in nonresting energy expenditure in ambulatory human subjects

Cited by 115 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of weight reduction on skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content in Type II diabetic subjects

The effect of weight reduction on skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression and UCP3 protein content in Type II diabetic subjects

Metabolic predictors of obesity. Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fuel utilization to four-year weight gain of post-obese and never-obese women.

Total and resting energy expenditure in obese women reduced to ideal body weight.

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