“…The SIF is usually given in a dimensionless form (the so-called geometry correction factor), which takes into account the effects of the boundary conditions as well as the shape and size of structure and flaw. [11][12][13][14] Different approaches have been proposed in the literature to determine the SIF: analytical methods, [15][16][17][18] the weight function method, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] the body force method, 26 empirical relationships, [27][28][29] and numerical methods, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] [such as the finite element method (FEM), the line spring FEM approach, 31 the stiffness derivative method, 30 and the virtual crack closure technique 32 ]. A general discussion related to numerical methods applied to fracture mechanics problems can be found in Bazant et al 40,41 More recent computational tools employed in fracture problems can also be recalled, as the dual boundary element method 42,43 and the meshless methods.…”