Weekday/weekend differences in ambient aerosol level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble components in the city centre

Khoder, Mamdouh I.; Hassan, Salwa K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.068

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A probable relationship between Ca 2+ and anion deficiency implies that CO 3 -is most probably the missing anion in the PM 10 samples whereas significant correlation between SO 4 2-and cation deficiency in the fine fraction is might be a consequence of H + associated SO 4 2-. These results are consistent with those of PM studies conducted by Khoder and Hassan (2008).…”

Section: Particulate Matter Ion Balancesupporting

confidence: 83%

Investigation of Desert Dust Contribution to Source Apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 from a Southern Mediterranean Coast

Kchih

Perrino

Cherif

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In order to identify the source apportionment of particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the southern Mediterranean coast of Tunis (Tunisia), three different sites characterized respectively by traffic, industries and being an urban background area are studied. The chemical characterization included a gravimetric determination of atmospheric particles mass concentration, measurements of the major anions (SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl -) and cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , NH 4 + ) concentrations in the aerosol samples by ion chromatography and analysis of 18 elements by energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence. Aerosol ion balance of various PM 10 constituents are used to identify possible sources of the particulate matters. Thanks to these analysis, the particulate masses were reconstructed from the main possible constituents: crustal matter, primary and secondary pollutants, marine aerosols and organic matter. Wherever PM 10 and PM 2.5 were studied, PM 10 crustal elements and sea salt aerosols were mainly associated with the coarse fraction whereas primary and secondary anthropogenic pollutants as well as organic matter rather compose PM 2.5 fraction. In all the sites, PM 10 mass was mainly composed of crustal matter (41-50%) and poorly of sea salt (3-4%). And so aerosols chemical composition is heavily affected by dust winds from Sahara desert, with some contribution of local traffic and industries and only a slight direct impact of the nearby Mediterranean sea.

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Section: Particulate Matter Ion Balancesupporting

confidence: 83%

Investigation of Desert Dust Contribution to Source Apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 from a Southern Mediterranean Coast

Kchih

Perrino

Cherif

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Recent studies have found that PM 2.5 could not only penetrate into human respiratory and lungs but also influence visibility through the scattering and absorption of solar radiation. Meanwhile, PM plays a major role in the acidification of precipitation and may affect climate change (Khoder and Hassan, 2008). Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, is an important industrial city and economic center of the Yangtze River delta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In recent years, atmospheric particulate matter has become the primary air pollutant in Nanjing, China. In order to support a scientific basis for particles reduction, it is of great importance to investigate the contribution of different sources to particulate matter. In this paper, the characteristics of chemical composition of observational data for size-fractionated particulate matter at Gulou site and Pukou site in Nanjing from May 2010 to April 2011 were analyzed. Emission samples of particulate matter were collected and size-fractionated particulate chemical compositions were analyzed to obtain the source profiles. , respectively. The dominant chemical constituents are SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Ca, NH 4 + , Cl -, Fe, Al, and K, accounting for 93.02% and 91.56% of all of the measured compositions in PM 10 at Gulou and Pukou. These components account for 95.23% and 93.48% of PM 2.1 at Gulou and Pukou. Seven types of sources, including coal combustion dust, construction dust, smelting dust, soil dust, vehicle exhaust, secondary aerosols and sea salt, are considered. The results of source apportionment show that in coarse particles, construction dust contributes a maximum of 58.9% at Gulou and 47.3% at Pukou. Smelting dust, as the second most important source, contributes 14.1% and 19.7% at these two sites. For fine particulate matter, secondary inorganic aerosols and coal dust contribution are the two largest sources accounting for 58.8% and 15.9% at Gulou and 44.2% and 39.5% at Pukou. The findings will be useful for the local government to create efficient control strategies to reduce the emission of construction dust and to pay great attention to the prevention of secondary aerosols and coal combustion dust.

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“…Water-soluble ions (WSIs) account for another major fraction of aerosols in urban areas and are able to affect visibility, particle hygroscopicity and cloud formation; they also influence acidity in rainwater and impact climate (Cheng et al, 2011;Jung et al, 2009;Khoder and Hassan, 2008;Tan et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Weekday/weekend differences in ambient aerosol level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble components in the city centre

Cited by 47 publications

References 52 publications

Investigation of Desert Dust Contribution to Source Apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 from a Southern Mediterranean Coast

Investigation of Desert Dust Contribution to Source Apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 from a Southern Mediterranean Coast

Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

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