Weed Suppressive Ability of Cover Crop Mixtures Compared to Repeated Stubble Tillage and Glyphosate Treatments

Schappert, Alexandra; Messelhäuser, Miriam; Saile, Marcus; Peteinatos, Gerassimos G.; Gerhards, Roland

doi:10.3390/agriculture8090144

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Finally, further research is needed to understand cover-cropping effects on the persistence of E. canadensis seedbanks. Attenuation of germination cues by cover crops could result in lower seedbank losses to germination compared with expressive weed management tactics, such as repeated shallow (<5-cm) tillage with a rotary harrow, that aim to encourage weed seed germination in fallow phases before cash crop planting in no-till systems (Schappert et al 2018).…”

Section: Cover Crop Effects On Erigeron Canadensis Demography and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crop effects on horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) density and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure

2019

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Proactive integrated weed management (IWM) is critically needed in no-till production to reduce the intensity of selection pressure for herbicide-resistant weeds. Reducing the density of emerged weed populations and the number of larger individuals within the population at the time of herbicide application are two practical management objectives when integrating cover crops as a complementary tactic in herbicide-based production systems. We examined the following demographic questions related to the effects of alternative cover-cropping tactics following small grain harvest on preplant, burndown management of horseweed (Erigeron canadensis L.) in no-till commodity-grain production: (1) Do cover crops differentially affect E. canadensis density and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure? (2) Which cover crop response traits are drivers of E. canadensis suppression at time of herbicide exposure? Interannual variation in growing conditions (study year) and intra-annual variation in soil fertility (low vs. high nitrogen) were the primary drivers of cover crop response traits and significantly affected E. canadensis density at the time of herbicide exposure. In comparison to the fallow control, cover crop treatments reduced E. canadensis density 52% to 86% at the time of a preplant, burndown application. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) alone or in combination with forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.) provided the most consistent E. canadensis suppression. Fall and spring cover crop biomass production was negatively correlated with E. canadensis density at the preplant burndown application timing. Our results also show that winter-hardy cover crops reduce the size inequality of E. canadensis populations at the time of herbicide exposure by reducing the number of large individuals within the population. Finally, we advocate for advancement in our understanding of complementarity between cover crop– and herbicide-based management tactics in no-till systems to facilitate development of proactive, herbicide-resistant management strategies.

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Section: Cover Crop Effects On Erigeron Canadensis Demography and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crop effects on horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) density and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure

2019

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“…A single glyphosate application resulted in 88% weed control efficacy. Stubble‐tillage operations had the lowest weed control efficacies, with 20–75% at both sites . The results demonstrate the great potential of fall‐to‐spring treatments in IWM strategies.…”

Section: Cover Crops In Temperate Areas As Part Of Iwmmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Fall‐to‐spring weed control treatments including cover crop mixtures, repeated stubble‐tillage practices, one and two applications of glyphosate were compared in two field studies in southwestern Germany . The dominant weed species was Alopecurus myosuroides .…”

Section: Cover Crops In Temperate Areas As Part Of Iwmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cover cropping and repeated stubble tillage both contribute to lower weed pressure in the following cash crop with less subsequent dependence on chemical weed management. 23 After early maturing cash crop such as winter barley, a combination of shallow stubble tillage directly after harvest in July to stimulate weed seed and volunteers germination, a stale seed-bed ∼ 14 days later and seeding cover crops in August is feasible. 1,12,23 This allows application of both weed control tactics in one fall-to-spring season.…”

Section: Cover Crops In Temperate Areas As Part Of Iwmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, repeated shallow stubble‐tillage practices can successfully decrease the weed seed bank in the soil. Cover cropping and repeated stubble tillage both contribute to lower weed pressure in the following cash crop with less subsequent dependence on chemical weed management . After early maturing cash crop such as winter barley, a combination of shallow stubble tillage directly after harvest in July to stimulate weed seed and volunteers germination, a stale seed‐bed ∼ 14 days later and seeding cover crops in August is feasible .…”

Section: Cover Crops In Temperate Areas As Part Of Iwmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancing cover cropping in temperate integrated weed management

Gerhards

Schappert

2019

Pest Management Science

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The effects of cover crops on weeds and the underlying mechanisms of competition, physical control and allelopathy are not fully understood. Current knowledge reveals great potential for using cover crops as a preventive method in integrated weed management. Cover crops are able to suppress 70–95% of weeds and volunteer crops in the fall‐to‐spring period between two main crops. In addition, cover crop residues can reduce weed emergence during early development of the following cash crop by presenting a physical barrier and releasing allelopathic compounds into the soil solution. Therefore, cover crops can partly replace the weed suppressive function of stubble‐tillage operations and non‐selective chemical weed control in the fall‐to‐spring season. This review describes methods to quantify the competitive and allelopathic effects of cover crops. Insight obtained through such analysis is useful for mixing competitive and allelopathic cover crop species with maximal total weed suppression ability. It seems that cover crops produce and release more allelochemicals when plants are exposed to stress or physical damage. Avena strigose, for example, showed stronger weed suppression under dry conditions than during a moist autumn. These findings raise the question of whether allelopathy can be induced artificially. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Using fall‐seeded cover crop mixtures to enhance agroecosystem services: A review

Lavergne

Vanasse

Thivierge

et al. 2021

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The intensification of agriculture has resulted in the loss of species diversity in agroecosystems. Crop diversification not only improves ecosystem functions but increases agroecosystem resilience to climate change. Cover crops (CC) are used in the crop rotation to increase plant diversity and provide continuous living roots and soil cover. Previous studies have focused mainly on pure stands of CC and on binary mixtures. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in multispecies mixtures (>2 species). Here, we review reports from the literature to document the effectiveness of fall-seeded CC mixtures to provide agroecosystem services such as weed suppression, N cycling, soil organic C storage, and crop productivity. We cover both organic and conventional field crop systems in North America and Europe. We found, for both systems, that fall-seeded CC mixtures increased many agroecosystem services compared with a control without CC; however, they had inconsistent effects in comparison with a pure stand. The capacity of mixtures to enhance a given agroecosystem service was found to be dependent on the species functional group. Legume-based mixtures increased soil N and C contents along with crop yield, whereas nonlegume mixtures improved N recycling and weed suppression. Differences in the functional groups within CC mixtures could lead to trade-offs among agroecosystem services. Future research should focus on what drives species-specific contributions to productivity and other ecosystem services when CC are seeded in mixtures. More long-term research is needed to provide better insights into the stability of the ecosystem services provided by CC mixtures.The intensification of agriculture in response to the increasing needs of the growing global population has led to a Abbreviations: CC, cover crop(s); SOC, soil organic carbon.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Weed Suppressive Ability of Cover Crop Mixtures Compared to Repeated Stubble Tillage and Glyphosate Treatments

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Cover crop effects on horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) density and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure

Cover crop effects on horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) density and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure

Advancing cover cropping in temperate integrated weed management

Using fall‐seeded cover crop mixtures to enhance agroecosystem services: A review

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