Weed-Species Abundance and Diversity Indices in Relation to Tillage Systems and Fertilization

Travlos, Ilias; Cheimona, Nikolina; Roussis, Ioannis; Bilalis, Dimitrios

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2018.00011

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, for successful implementation of the integrated weed management practice, studies on long term impact of CE method on WSB is essentially required. Further, the use of indexes of evaluation of the weed population serves as a tool for accessing the impact of agronomic practices [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Weed Seed Bank in Long-Term Establishment Methods Trials under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

et al. 2020

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The rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains is the backbone of food security in India. In the 1990s, due to the scarcity of resources, the traditional Crop Establishment (CE) method shifted from Conventional Till Puddle Transplanted Rice (CTPTR) to CT Direct Seeded Rice (CTDSR) and Zero-Till DSR (ZTDSR) in paddy; and in wheat, from Conventional Till Wheat (CTW) to Zero Till Wheat (ZTW), with residue retention in rice (RRR) or in both rice and wheat (RRRW). Shift in CE methods led to change in Weed Seed Bank (WSB) dynamics and ultimately affected the weed management program. After five years of field trials, soil samples were drawn as per 2-factors factorial randomized block design. Factor-I comprised 4-CE methods, whereas factor-II consisted of 3-soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm). Results showed CTPTR-CTW and ZTDSR-ZTW (RRRW) record the highest seed bank (SB) of grasses, sedges and BLWs as total weeds, in general; and predominant weeds like Echinochloa spp., Ammania baccifera, Commelina benghalensis and Digitaria sanguinalis, in particular. It also showed the higher species richness (D Mg ) and Shannon-Weaver (H') indices. CTDSR-CTW and CTDSR-ZTW (RRR) show the lowest WSB and at par with Shannon-Weaver (H') index; further, lowest species richness (D Mg ) under CTDSR-CTW. Species Evenness (J') and Simpson index (λ) vary non-significantly with CE methods. Furthermore, 0-10 cm soil depth showed the highest SB of different category of total weed, predominant weeds as well as higher values of D Mg , H', and λ; whereas reverse trend was observed in Whittaker Statistic (β W ). Interaction between CE methods and soil depth revealed most of WSB lying on the top layer in case of ZTDSR-ZTW (RRRW) and CTDSR-ZTW (RRR); while CTPTR-CTW showed almost uniform WSB distribution, and in case of CTDSR-CTW, a gradual decrease in WSB with soil depth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Weed Seed Bank in Long-Term Establishment Methods Trials under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

et al. 2020

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“…Weeds are one of the major constraints for crop production [19] because they compete for the same resources that are essential for crop development. Thus, the higher weed pressure commonly reported for organic reduced tillage [14,20] may induce serious crop-weed concurrence, which needs to be better understood for efficient weed control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

et al. 2019

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Reduced tillage reduces soil erosion and increases topsoil organic matter compared with conventional tillage. However, yields are often reported to be lower, presumably, due to increased weed pressure and a slower N mineralization under organic farming conditions. The effects of reduced tillage compared with ploughing on weed infestation and winter wheat performance at four different crop stages, i.e., tillering, stem elongation, flowering, and harvest, was monitored for a single season in an eleven-year-old organic long-term tillage trial. To disentangle the effects of weed presence on crop yield and potential crop performance, subplots were cleaned from weeds during the whole cropping season. Weed biomass was consistently higher under reduced tillage. Soil mineral nitrogen contents under reduced tillage management were higher, which could be explained by the earlier ley termination in autumn compared with the conventional tillage system. Nitrogen status of wheat assessed with SPAD measurements was consequently higher under reduced tillage throughout the season. At harvest, wheat biomass and grain yield were similar in both tillage systems in the presence of weeds, but 15–18% higher in the reduced tillage system when weeds were removed. The negative impact of weeds on yields were not found with conventional tillage with a low weed infestation. Results suggest that reduced tillage can provide equivalent and even higher yields to conventional tillage in organically managed winter wheat if weed management is improved and good nutrient supply is assured.

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“…Nutrients and primary nitrogen (N) may influence diversity, abundance and growth of weeds. Depending on weed species and density, N fertilization can increase the competitive ability of weeds more than that of the crop, leading to little or no increase in crop yield (Blacksaw et al, 2003, Sweeney et al, 2008Travlos et al, 2018). Previous researches have revealed that nitrogen addition increased, decreased or had little effects on weed competitive ability, which might be crop and weed specific, as a result of inherent variations in responsiveness to soil N levels (Cathcart and Swanton, 2003;Abouziena et al, 2007;Blackshaw and Brandt, 2008;Travlos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fertilization and Weed Management on Weed Flora of Hemp Crop

et al. 2020

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Hemp is known to have a competitive advantage over weeds. Despite its suppressive ability, weed infestation remains an important issue during the early growth of the crop. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fertilization and weed management on weed flora and hemp growth parameters during initial growth in the 2019 season. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replicates: three hemp cultivars as main plots, three fertilization treatments as sub-plots and two sub-sub-plots (weedy, weed free). For the computation of height and biomass weight, 10 plants were randomly selected in each plot. Weed species were collected by quadrate and density and biomass weight were determined. ANOVA revealed that all factors and their interactions significantly affected plant traits. Hemp cultivars showed different competitive ability. ‘Futura 17’ reduced weed measurement traits better than ‘Uso 31’. Density and biomass of nitrophilous weeds increased with the higher N dose compared to control (up to 56% and 79% respectively), therefore negatively affecting the growth of the hemp plants. Further research is needed in order to identify useful information on interactions between weeds and hemp crop to address potential yield losses under different weed management systems.

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Weed-Species Abundance and Diversity Indices in Relation to Tillage Systems and Fertilization

Cited by 63 publications

References 108 publications

Changes in the Weed Seed Bank in Long-Term Establishment Methods Trials under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Changes in the Weed Seed Bank in Long-Term Establishment Methods Trials under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

Effect of Fertilization and Weed Management on Weed Flora of Hemp Crop

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