Weed Response to Flame Weeding at Different Developmental Stages

Sivesind, Evan C.; Leblanc, Maryse L.; Cloutier, D. C.; Séguin, Philippe; Stewart, Katrine A.

doi:10.1614/wt-08-155.1

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For successful weed control, flaming could be repeated frequently taking into consideration an early growth stage and the small size of weeds (Ascard, 1994;Martelloni et al, 2016bMartelloni et al, , 2017. Weeds at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage are the most susceptible up to 72 kgÁha -1 of LPG according to Sivesind et al (2009). This could explain our results of a decreased weed biomass at harvest, when one flaming was performed at early crop growth stages or a double flaming including emergence stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production

Chehade¹,

Fontanelli²,

Martelloni³

et al. 2018

hortte

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A lack of efficient machines and strategies for cropping practices are still problems on small farms and in difficult landscapes, especially in organic crop production. The aim of this study was to develop a new weed control strategy for a typical organic garlic (Allium sativum) grown in Liguria, Italy. Flaming was proposed as an additional tool for the physical weed control program. A field experiment was conducted to test the effects of different flaming doses and timing on weed control and garlic production. The treatments consisted of a broadcast flaming at 16, 22, 37, and 112 kg·ha−1 of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at three different crop growth stages—emergence (BBCH 9), three to four leaves (BBCH 13) and six to seven leaves (BBCH 16)—once (at each growth stage separately), twice (at BBCH 9 and BBCH 13, BBCH 9 and BBCH 16, and BBCH 13 and BBCH 16 stages) or three times (all stages combined). Treatments were compared with a weedy control and hand weeding. One flaming treatment was effective in controlling weeds during the growing season. Frequent flaming treatments did not further reduce the weed biomass measured at harvest. A higher production than the weedy control, in terms of the number of marketable bulbs and yield, was obtained for all the flaming interventions carried out at more than 16-kg·ha−1 LPG dose. Garlic flamed once at BBCH 13 at any LPG dose or three times at more than 16 kg·ha−1 led to a comparable number of bulbs as hand weeding. Three flamings at an LPG dose of 22 kg·ha−1 also gave a statistically similar yield to hand weeding. In general, garlic was shown to tolerate up to three flaming treatments without a decline in the production. The decline in yield compared with hand weeding could be offset by the economical savings of the mechanization process and by integrating flaming with other mechanical tools used for weed management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production

Chehade¹,

Fontanelli²,

Martelloni³

et al. 2018

hortte

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“…Propane flaming can be an effective component of an integrated system to control dicot weeds in cotton by controlling those that escape earlier control efforts, although annual grasses and perennial weeds are not effectively controlled. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is also tolerant of propane flaming and is used to control weeds in organic production of that commodity (Sivesind et al, 2009(Sivesind et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Thermal Weed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production

Johnson

2019

Peanut Science

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Organic peanut production is a high-risk cropping system, largely due to difficulties in managing weeds using methods acceptable for certified-organic production. In contrast with conventional peanut production that relies heavily on synthetic herbicides, organic peanut production must use an integrated system to manage weeds. The foundation for an integrated weed management system is cultural weed control which is a system of production practices that promote uniform peanut growth to suppress weeds. Cultural weed control includes practices that promote vigorous early-season peanut growth and lessen chances for weed escapes. Mechanical weed control is based on repeated cultivation using a tine weeder and sweep cultivator to control weeds before they emerge. However, weed control consistency from cultivation is affected by rainfall that can delay scheduled cultivations and hinder implement function. Handweeding is also a form of mechanical weed control that is used to supplement other weed control efforts by controlling escapes. Herbicides derived from natural products and thermal weed control using propane flaming have limited value in organic peanut production due to limited weed control spectra, specifically poor control of annual grasses and perennial weeds. Successful weed management in certified organic peanut production will depend on an integrated system, not a single form of weed control.

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“…The burners create high temperatures (up to 1900 • C), which instantly raise the temperature of the treated plant tissues to lethal levels [16], leading to plant cell membrane rupture and eventual tissue desiccation [17,18]. There are two main techniques for weed flaming: Broadcast and cross-flaming [19,20]. For broadcast flaming, the burners are mounted parallel to the crop row, with overlapping flames that cover the entire area of the field [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPG Flaming—A Safe Post-Emergence Weed Control Tool for Direct Seeded and Bulb Onion

et al. 2019

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The demand for pesticide-free food has increased the need for sustainable organic farming. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. The available weed control tools for intra-row weeds following onion emergence are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) flaming as a pre- and post-emergence weed control method for both direct-seeded onion seedlings and transplanted onion bulbs. The safety of cross-row, where the flames are targeted to the intra-row area from both sides of the row, and broadcast flaming for bulb onion was compared. Cross-row flaming at twelve days after planting had no effect on onion dry weight, while broadcast flaming-treated plants’ dry weight was reduced by 36% as compared to controls. For the cross-row technique, the tested burners’ angle (45° and 30°) and inter-burner distances (30 and 40 cm) had no impact on weed control efficacy, and similar control levels, between 55% (15 cm) and 45% (10 cm), were observed 15 cm from both sides of the row-center. Direct-seeded onion cultivars were treated at various growth stages. The pre-crop-emergence stage was completely safe for the crop, and the second leaf stage exhibited a wide range of tolerance levels to flaming treatment across the different onion cultivars, with dry weights ranging between 39 and 117% compared to non-treated control in the flaming sensitive and tolerant cultivars, respectively. These results were validated under field conditions using the two most tolerant cultivars (Orlando and Browny); no yield reductions were observed for either cultivar when treated from the third leaf stage. In bulb onion, flaming had no impact on dry weight of shoots or roots when applied from four weeks after planting. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the potential of using flaming as a post-emergence weed control tool for direct-seeded and bulb onion, and at earlier time points than previously shown. Cross-row flaming proved effective for controlling intra-row weeds and can lower weeding costs. Future research should evaluate the safety of sequential applications and test complementary control methods for the initial growth stages.

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Weed Response to Flame Weeding at Different Developmental Stages

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production

Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production

A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production

LPG Flaming—A Safe Post-Emergence Weed Control Tool for Direct Seeded and Bulb Onion

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