Weed management and its relation to yield and seed physiological potential in common bean cultivars

Abstract

Common bean is an important crop in Brazil primarily because of its nutritional characteristics. Some agronomic practices, such as weed management, are fundamental to cultivation, as a means of obtaining a high crop yield. However, some studies have shown that weed management may alter the function of the cultivar cycle. Thus, this study aimed at determining the optimal phenological stage in early-maturing common bean cultivars to perform the weed control without providing reductions in yield and seed quality. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 20 treatments and four replications, in a 2×2×5 (cultivars × types of weed control × periods of weed control) factorial scheme. The periods of weed control for both cultivars (Carioca Precoce and IPR-Colibri) consisted of full cycle weeded (control), weed control at the V4-3 stage (first three nodes on the main stem with trifoliate leaves), at the R5 stage (beginning of bloom) and at the R8 stage (appearance of pods) and full cycle unweeded (no weed control). The types of weed control used were chemical (fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen) and mechanical (hoe). The Carioca Precoce cultivar demonstrated higher agronomic performance and yield than the IPR-Colibri cultivar, although the IPR-Colibri seeds had a higher vigor. The type of weed control (chemical or mechanical) did not affect the agronomic characteristics, yield and seed physiological potential of the cultivars. The ideal period for weed control in early-maturing common bean cultivars to obtain a higher yield and seed physiological potential was observed at the V4-3 phenological stage.

Agronomic Practices to Increase the Yield and Quality of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): A Systematic Review

“…To achieve high yields in common bean crop, weed control is important because crop-weed competition can result in production losses ranging from 12 to 80% [223][224][225][226] and a deterioration in yield qualities too [227]. Not all weeds are equally perncious to yield; nevertheless, the broad-leaved weed species Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae), Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae), Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae), the sedge species Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), and the grass weeds Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Setaria viridis (L.) P.…”

“…Beauv., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (Poaceae) are commonly found in regions where common bean crop is cultivated [157,224,225,[228][229][230]. Chemical control is the most popular method for weed management in common bean, with trifluralin, bentazon, pendimethalin, fomesafen, fluazifop-P-butyl, and quizalofop-p-ethyl being among the most common herbicides used [224,[230][231][232].…”

“…Early weed control is also very important in achieving high yield. da Costa et al [224] reported that one-hand-hoeing at V4 + 3 (stems with three nodes and trifoliate leaves) increased yield by 40% compared to untreated control.…”

Foliar Application of Calcium and Molybdenum in Common Bean Plants: Yield and Seed Physiological Potential

“…The common bean cultivar Pérola (developed at EMBRAPA/CNPAF) was sown at 15 seeds per meter; the goal was to achieve a density of 12 seeds/m spaced with 50 cm between rows to reach a final population of 240,000 plants ha days after emergence, at the V 4-4 stage (i.e., the first four nodes having trifoliate leaves on the main stem). Weeds were controlled by hoe at the V 4-3 stage, first three nodes on the main stem with trifoliate leaves [16]. For preventive pest control the pesticides methamidophos, triazophos + deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos were applied at 300 g a.i./ha, 262.5 + 7.5 g a.i./ha, and 480 g a.i./ha, respectively.…”