Weed Management: A Need to Develop Ecological Approaches

Liebman, Matt; Dyck, Elizabeth

doi:10.2307/1941790

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…, 2002). However, the growing awareness over the past several decades of the economic and environmental consequences of such an approach has prompted calls by weed and agricultural scientists to develop theoretical frameworks that more fully integrate ecology with agricultural production, to reduce the need for external agricultural inputs (Liebman & Dyck, 1993a; Norris, 1999; Liebman & Davis, 2000; Martinez‐Ghersa et al. , 2000; Mortensen et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new hypothesis for the functional role of diversity in mediating resource pools and weed–crop competition in agroecosystems

2010

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We develop a new conceptual model we call the Resource Pool Diversity Hypothesis (RPDH) aimed at explaining how soil resource pool diversity may mediate competition for soil resources between weeds and crops. The primary tenets of the RPDH are that (i) in plant communities, the intensity of inter-specific competition can depend upon the degree to which niche differentiation and resource partitioning occur among species, (ii) agricultural systems are unique in that management practices, such as crop rotation, source of fertility and weed management, result in inputs to the soil and (iii) these inputs directly or indirectly become soil resource pools from which crops and weeds may partition resources. The RPDH leads to the novel prediction that along a gradient of increasing cropping system diversity, yield loss due to weed-crop competition (i.e. the impact on yield per unit weed density) for soil resources should decrease. Similarly, the degree to which crops and weeds overlap in soil resource niche breadth (which is determined by species-specific functional traits for resource acquisition), will determine the extent to which weed-crop competition weakens as resource pool diversity increases. While there have been no direct tests of the RPDH, we highlight evidence from the agricultural literature that provides strong support for components of the hypothesis. Validation of the RPDH would have important implications across a broad range of cropping systems for the development of management strategies that aim to reduce yield loss impact per unit weed plant density and the fundamental principles of integrated weed management, such as the concepts of weed thresholds and critical periods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new hypothesis for the functional role of diversity in mediating resource pools and weed–crop competition in agroecosystems

2010

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“…Intercropping (growing two cash crops simultaneously) has also been used to reduce weed growth (Liebman and Davis 2000;Liebman and Dyck 1993a;Melander et al 2005). Intercropping combinations allow for the exploitation of more available resources compared with one crop and may suppress weed growth by use of those resources (Ballare and Casal 2000;Liebman and Dyck 1993b). Intercropping grain sorghum with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] resulted in lower weed densities and less weed dry matter than did grain sorghum alone because the cowpea intercepted light and used N, P, and K that were then unavailable for weed growth (Abraham and Singh 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops

Vencill¹,

Nichols²,

Webster³

et al. 2012

Weed sci.

247

196

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Development of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant changes to agronomic practices, one of which is the adoption of effective, simple, low-risk, crop-production systems with less dependency on tillage and lower energy requirements. Overall, the changes have had a positive environmental effect by reducing soil erosion, the fuel use for tillage, and the number of herbicides with groundwater advisories as well as a slight reduction in the overall environmental impact quotient of herbicide use. However, herbicides exert a high selection pressure on weed populations, and density and diversity of weed communities change over time in response to herbicides and other control practices imposed on them. Repeated and intensive use of herbicides with the same mechanisms of action (MOA; the mechanism in the plant that the herbicide detrimentally affects so that the plant succumbs to the herbicide; e.g., inhibition of an enzyme that is vital to plant growth or the inability of a plant to metabolize the herbicide before it has done damage) can rapidly select for shifts to tolerant, difficult-to-control weeds and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, especially in the absence of the concurrent use of herbicides with different mechanisms of action or the use of mechanical or cultural practices or both.

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“…While herbicides may be highly effective at reducing weed populations, their continued use is often offset by increased frequency of more tolerant weed species (14) or by the development of herbicide resistance (16,25). Restrictions due to government regulation and public pressure may severely reduce the available chemical weed control options in the near future (1,6,16,24,34,44). Thus there is growing need for the development of cost effective, environmentally safe, alternative weed management strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Recruitment, Survival, Seed Production, and Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

Lindquist

Maxwell²,

Buhler³

et al. 1995

Weed sci.

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Field studies were conducted at Rosemount, MN, in 1992 and 1993 to quantify the demographic processes regulating the population dynamics of velvetleaf in soybean as part of a corn-soybean rotation. A consistent 6.8 ± 0.5% of the total velvetleaf seedbank emerged each year. Less than 21% of all velvetleaf seedlings survived each year in mixture with soybean, due in part toVerticilliumspp wilt infection. The probability of seedling survival varied across time of emergence. Velvetleaf seed production in the absence of crop competition was 125 and 227 seeds plant−1in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Velvetleaf plants that emerged early produced greater numbers of seed than later emerging plants. Velvetleaf survival and seed production were reduced up to 82% in the presence of crop competition. Soybean yield varied across soybean densities in both years, but was not reduced across velvetleaf densities.

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Weed Management: A Need to Develop Ecological Approaches

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

A new hypothesis for the functional role of diversity in mediating resource pools and weed–crop competition in agroecosystems

A new hypothesis for the functional role of diversity in mediating resource pools and weed–crop competition in agroecosystems

Herbicide Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Recruitment, Survival, Seed Production, and Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

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