Weed Community Response to Crop Rotations in Western South Dakota

Stymiest, Clair; Swan, Bruce; Rickertsen, John

doi:10.1614/wt-06-011.1

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The result of these discussions was the establishment of the first multidisciplinary, long‐term research project in the low rainfall zone to examine reduced tillage, continuous annual cropping systems to replace or supplement the WWF system. In Canada, continuous direct‐seed cropping has reduced fallow 70% (Blackshaw et al, 2008) and in the Great Plains producers are examining different cropping systems to reduce WWSWF (Anderson et al, 2007). Our project included more than a dozen scientists from nine disciplines conducting research simultaneously on the same cropping systems.…”

Section: Useful Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Annual No‐Till Spring Cereal Cropping Systems in the Pacific Northwest

Young¹,

Alldredge

Pan

et al. 2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)– summer fallow (WWF) has been the prevalent rotation in the low rainfall zone of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) for more than 130 years; however, this rotation is characterized by poor soil health, high pest incidence, and poor environmental sustainability. A 6‐year study was initiated in 1995 to evaluate the agronomic and economic feasibility of no‐till spring cereal cropping systems to replace or supplement fallow. The systems included: WWF; no‐till spring wheat‐chemical fallow (SWChF); continuous no‐till hard red spring wheat (CHRSW); and no‐till hard red spring wheat– no‐till spring barley (HRSWSB). Overall the WWF (reduced tillage fallow) system produced 25% more grain, almost $30/rotational acre more net return and was less risky compared to the second best (SWChF) system. This research was the first ever to examine a SWChF system. This system yielded higher than both the CHRSW and HRSWSB in all but 1 year. In general, HRSW yielded similarly for both systems. The 2000–2001 crop growing season was extremely dry and crop yields for that year were from 45 to 80% less than their respective 5‐year average, depending on the crop. Although all of the no‐till spring cropping systems provided greater wind erosion protection, the economic returns were negative for the duration of the study. Perhaps if compensation was provided to growers for conservation practices, adoption of these agronomically and environmentally sound systems would be readily adopted.

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Section: Useful Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Annual No‐Till Spring Cereal Cropping Systems in the Pacific Northwest

Young¹,

Alldredge

Pan

et al. 2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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“…number of cropping seasons) and the temporal variation of environmental conditions throughout the interval between the two surveys. The seed bank composition depends on the seed production of the previous season (Ryan et al ) and its diversity is expected to increase with the temporal variation of the environmental conditions across cropping seasons (Anderson et al ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Patch dynamics and temporal dispersal partly shape annual plant communities in ephemeral habitat patches

Mahaut

Fried²,

Gaba

2017

Oikos

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Most organisms in ephemeral habitat patches have resting stages which form a local species pool in response to temporal variations in the patch's availability and suitability. Temporal dispersal from the local species pool may, therefore, be an important process shaping the community assembly, particularly soon after patch creation, and possibly interacting with environmental filtering. As the temporal variation of the environmental conditions has a major effect on the composition of the local species pool, we investigated how well contemporary conditions (both patch availability and patch suitability) and temporal dispersal (approximated by environmental temporal variation and temporal distance) explain the changes in community composition in a given locality through successive ephemeral habitat cycles. We used arable weeds in annual crops as models. We calculated temporal weed community dissimilarity indices between weed communities surveyed in cropping seasons at intervals of two to eight years within a given field. The weeds were surveyed twice each cropping season to account for any changes in the relative contributions of temporal dispersal and contemporary conditions during the season. Patch availability explained most of the temporal weed dissimilarity, suggesting that patch dynamics have the greatest effect on weed community assembly. Temporal distance and temporal variation of the environmental conditions had more effect at the start of the cropping season than later, while patch suitability had more effect in the middle of the season. These results suggest that temporal dispersal drives the weed community assembly when ephemeral habitat patches are created. These assemblies are further shaped by environmental filtering. This is consistent with a temporal source sink dynamic mechanism where the seed bank acts as the main weed source. However, a large part of temporal weed dissimilarity remains unexplained, suggesting that other ecological processes such as spatial dispersal and founder effect may also shape the weed community.

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“…(horseweed, Canadian fleabane) and Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) E. Mosher (stinkgrass) (Anderson et al ., ). Lolium species are also considered problematic weeds in these regions (Kuk et al ., ), but they are less abundant than in Australian wheat fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Establishment of Lolium species resistant to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicide in and around grain‐importation ports in Japan

Shimono

Oguma

et al. 2014

Weed Research

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Compared with natural seed dispersal, human-mediated seed dispersal could spread herbicide resistance genes on a much larger scale. Herbicide-resistant weed seeds have been reported as contaminants in commercial grain. We investigated the contamination of seeds of Lolium species with target-site mutations conferring resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in wheat imported from the USA, Canada and Australia into Japan. We also investigated the establishment of ALS-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Lolium species in 12 seaports in Japan that are major entry points for international commodities. We found herbicide-resistant Lolium spp. seeds from all classes of wheat samples. Resistant individuals became established at six of eight ports where more than 50 kt of imported wheat is unloaded every year. The establishment of resistant Lolium spp. individuals was common at major grain landing ports. Monitoring over 3 years at one port revealed that the frequency of resistant individuals did not fluctuate between years. Many resistant individuals were distributed in front of the entrance of a fodder company, but a few resistant individuals were found in areas 2 km away from the port. The results indicate that gene flow is rare through pollen or seed movement from resistant plants to peripheral populations. Further extensive and longterm monitoring is necessary to perform a comprehensive risk assessment of herbicide-resistant plants entering Japan through major commercial ports.

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Weed Community Response to Crop Rotations in Western South Dakota

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Comparisons of Annual No‐Till Spring Cereal Cropping Systems in the Pacific Northwest

Comparisons of Annual No‐Till Spring Cereal Cropping Systems in the Pacific Northwest

Patch dynamics and temporal dispersal partly shape annual plant communities in ephemeral habitat patches

Establishment of Lolium species resistant to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicide in and around grain‐importation ports in Japan

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