Patch dynamics and temporal dispersal partly shape annual plant communities in ephemeral habitat patches

Mahaut, Lucie; Fried, Guillaume; Gaba, Sabrina

doi:10.1111/oik.04415

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There are typically 25-45 weed species in wheat fields (Henckel et al 2015), although on average four species are found in 1-m 2 quadrats (Bourgeois et al in preparation). In addition, the weed assemblage is influenced by the legacy of past disturbances, depending on the crop history (Mahaut et al 2018), as well as by spatial dispersal between fields (Henckel et al 2015). In addition, the weed assemblage is influenced by the legacy of past disturbances, depending on the crop history (Mahaut et al 2018), as well as by spatial dispersal between fields (Henckel et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

et al. 2018

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Citation: Gaba, S., J. Caneill, B. Nicolardot, R. Perronne, and V. Bretagnolle. 2018. Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds. Ecosphere 9(10):Abstract. Management of biotic interactions has been recognized as a potential substitute for costly agrochemical inputs. Competition is one of the most important biotic interactions known to regulate populations and govern species assemblages. However, although theoretical and empirical work has been produced on competition, in situ experimental evidence is much scantier, mainly because of the difficulty of manipulating competition in the field. Arable weeds offer an outstanding opportunity to meet this challenge, because of the relative ease of in situ experimental manipulation and because of the urgent need to find sustainable weed management strategies. Here, we assess the importance of crop competition and two main conventional farming practices (N fertilizer and weed control) on weed species richness, abundance, and biomass. We set up an experiment with a design with two factors, presence/absence of crops and presence/absence of N fertilizer and weed control, in working farm fields with winter cereals as the target crop. We found that the crop competition reduced weed biomass production by almost 65%, as a result of the crop's competitive advantage from its greater ability to take up N, while the effect on weed species richness was less important. Our results also show that the effect of crop competition on the weed assemblage was much stronger than the effect of N fertilizer and weed control. The decrease in weed abundance and biomass mainly resulted from a strong effect of the crop on the dominant species, while the abundance of intermediate species tended to be much less affected, a result consistent with studies in grasslands where the removal of the dominant species provides a competitive release for subordinate ones. Our results further give experimental support for crop competition as a way to reduce costly agricultural inputs for weed control. Conducting experiments with farmers in their field is a valuable approach to generate knowledge for the future delivery of sustainable management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

et al. 2018

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“…For example, sufficient dispersal rates are thought to be necessary for species to persist in disturbance prone landscapes (Hanski and 232 Gilpin 1997), but seed banks can maintain local colonization-extinction dynamics in the absence of dispersal from the metacommunity if environmental conditions fluctuate on time scales that 234 are shorter than the range of temporal dispersal by propagules in the seed bank (Mergeay et al 2007(Mergeay et al , 2011Ventura et al 2014). The spatial variation in community dynamics generated by 236 temporal dispersal could appear indistinguishable from that generated by spatial dispersal, but it would be due to purely local processes or as a result of combined spatial and temporal dispersal 238 (Mahaut et al 2018).…”

Section: Community Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reestablishment from the seed bank may fail due to niche preemption by similar species that have already emerged from the 242 seed bank, introducing historical contingencies that may have stochastic elements (Fukami 2015;Schwentner and Richter 2015). Species could also emerge from the seed bank under unfavorable 244 environmental conditions (e.g., due to stochastic reactivation or bet hedging), maintaining sink populations in the community via temporal dispersal (a temporal mass effect, Shmida and Ellner 246 1984;Rajaniemi et al 2006;Mahaut et al 2018). Other species might miss favorable opportunities for growth due to misinterpreted environmental cues or failures during the 248 temporal dispersal process (i.e., they are 'dormancy limited') (Donohue et al 2010), which may allow competitively inferior species to occupy habitats that superior competitors fail to 250 recolonize.…”

Section: Community Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This arises in part because the importance of the seed bank is greatest during the early 198 stages of community assembly (Roxburgh et al 2004). For example, seed banks allow weeds to rapidly colonize ephemeral crop habitats until niche selection favors more competitive species 200 (Ryan et al 2010;Mahaut et al 2018). Similarly, prior to the arrival of spatial dispersers, microcrustacean seed banks in temporary wetlands can drive rapid community assembly 202 following extended periods of desiccation Kneitel 2018; Box 1).…”

Section: Community Assembly 196mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, spatial and temporal patterns of diversity in metacommunities, such as colonization-extinction dynamics in a landscape, are typically 62 explained on the basis of spatial dispersal and niche selection in response to environmental variability (e.g., disturbance and recolonization). However, similar patterns may not only be 64 influenced by dormancy (Mahaut et al 2018), but may fundamentally depend on it (Box 1).…”

Section: Introduction 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dormancy in metacommunities

Wisnoski¹,

Leibold²,

Lennon³

2018

Preprint

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Although metacommunity ecology has improved our understanding of how dispersal 16 affects community structure and dynamics across spatial scales, it has yet to adequately account for dormancy. Dormancy is a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity that enables temporal 18 dispersal within the metacommunity. Dormancy is also a metacommunity-level process because it can covary with spatial dispersal and affect diversity across spatial scales. We develop a 20 framework to integrate dispersal and dormancy, focusing on the covariation they exhibit, to predict how dormancy modifies the importance of species interactions, dispersal, and historical 22 contingencies in metacommunities. We examine case studies of microcrustaceans in ephemeral ponds, where dormancy is integral to metacommunity dynamics. We analyze traits of bromeliad-24 dwelling invertebrates and identify constraints on dispersal and dormancy strategies. Using simulations, we demonstrate that dormancy can alter classic metacommunity patterns of diversity 26 in ways that depend on dispersal-dormancy covariation and spatiotemporal environmental variability. We propose that dormancy may also facilitate evolution-mediated priority effects if 28 locally adapted seed banks prevent colonization by more dispersal-limited species. We present theoretically and empirically testable predictions for other possible ecological and evolutionary 30 implications of dormancy in metacommunities, some of which may fundamentally alter our understanding of metacommunity ecology.

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Environmental filtering predicts plant‐community trait distribution and diversity: Kettle holes as models of meta‐community systems

Lozada‐Gobilard

Stang

Pirhofer‐Walzl

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Meta‐communities of habitat islands may be essential to maintain biodiversity in anthropogenic landscapes allowing rescue effects in local habitat patches. To understand the species‐assembly mechanisms and dynamics of such ecosystems, it is important to test how local plant‐community diversity and composition is affected by spatial isolation and hence by dispersal limitation and local environmental conditions acting as filters for local species sorting.We used a system of 46 small wetlands (kettle holes)—natural small‐scale freshwater habitats rarely considered in nature conservation policies—embedded in an intensively managed agricultural matrix in northern Germany. We compared two types of kettle holes with distinct topographies (flat‐sloped, ephemeral, frequently plowed kettle holes vs. steep‐sloped, more permanent ones) and determined 254 vascular plant species within these ecosystems, as well as plant functional traits and nearest neighbor distances to other kettle holes.Differences in alpha and beta diversity between steep permanent compared with ephemeral flat kettle holes were mainly explained by species sorting and niche processes and mass effect processes in ephemeral flat kettle holes. The plant‐community composition as well as the community trait distribution in terms of life span, breeding system, dispersal ability, and longevity of seed banks significantly differed between the two habitat types. Flat ephemeral kettle holes held a higher percentage of non‐perennial plants with a more persistent seed bank, less obligate outbreeders and more species with seed dispersal abilities via animal vectors compared with steep‐sloped, more permanent kettle holes that had a higher percentage of wind‐dispersed species. In the flat kettle holes, plant‐species richness was negatively correlated with the degree of isolation, whereas no such pattern was found for the permanent kettle holes.Synthesis: Environment acts as filter shaping plant diversity (alpha and beta) and plant‐community trait distribution between steep permanent compared with ephemeral flat kettle holes supporting species sorting and niche mechanisms as expected, but we identified a mass effect in ephemeral kettle holes only. Flat ephemeral kettle holes can be regarded as meta‐ecosystems that strongly depend on seed dispersal and recruitment from a seed bank, whereas neighboring permanent kettle holes have a more stable local species diversity.

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Patch dynamics and temporal dispersal partly shape annual plant communities in ephemeral habitat patches

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

Dormancy in metacommunities

Environmental filtering predicts plant‐community trait distribution and diversity: Kettle holes as models of meta‐community systems

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