Wedging Transfer of Nanostructures

Schneider, Grégory F.; Calado, V. E.; Zandbergen, H.W.; Vandersypen, L. M. K.; Dekker, Cees

doi:10.1021/nl1008037

Cited by 208 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Next we select a monolayer of graphene and transfer it onto a SiN support membrane with a 5 micron sized hole 16 by use of our recently developed 'wedging transfer' technique 17 . This transfer procedure is straightforward: flakes can be overlaid to support membranes in less than an hour.…”

Section: -3 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Translocation through Graphene Nanopores

Schneider¹,

Kowalczyk²,

Calado³

et al. 2010

Nano Lett.

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934

930

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In the past few years, nanopores have emerged as a new powerful tool to interrogate single molecules. They have been successfully used to rapidly characterize biopolymers like DNA 3,4 , RNA 5 , as well as DNA-ligand complexes 6 and local protein structures along DNA 7 at the single-molecule level. A key driving force for nanopore research in the past decade has been the prospect of DNA sequencing. However, a major roadblock for achieving high-resolution DNA sequencing with pores is the finite length of the channel constituting the pore (Fig. 1A). In a long nanopore, the current blockade resulting from DNA translocation is due to a large number of bases (for typical devices ~10-100 bases) present in the pore. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by realizing an ultimately thin nanopore in a graphene monolayer. We obtain single-layer graphene (Fig. 1B) by mechanical exfoliation from graphite on SiO 2 13 . Monolayer graphene is identified by its particular optical contrast 14 in the optical microscope and by Raman measurements (Fig. 1C). At ~ 1590 cm -1 , we measure the socalled G resonance peak and at ~2690 cm -1 the 2D resonance peak. In the case of multilayer graphene, the 2D resonance peak splits off in multiple peaks in contrast to monolayer graphene which has a very sharp single resonance peak. In this way, we are well able to distinguish single-layer graphene from multilayer graphene 15 .Next we select a monolayer of graphene and transfer it onto a SiN support membrane with a 5 micron sized hole 16 by use of our recently developed 'wedging transfer' technique 17 . This transfer procedure is straightforward: flakes can be overlaid to support membranes in less than an hour. Briefly, a hydrophobic polymer is spun onto a hydrophilic substrate (here plasma-oxidized SiO 2 ) with graphene flakes, and wedged off the substrate by sliding it at an angle in water. Graphene flakes are peeled off the SiO 2 along with the -4 -polymer. The polymer is then floating on the water surface, located near a target SiN substrate, the water level is lowered, and the flakes are positioned onto the SiN membrane with micrometer lateral precision. In the final step the polymer is dissolved.We then drill a nanopore into the graphene monolayer using the highly focused electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The acceleration voltage is 300 kV, well above the 80-140 kV knock-out voltage for carbon atoms in graphene 18 (see Methods).Drilling the holes by TEM is a robust well-reproducible procedure (we drilled 31 holes with diameters ranging from 2 to 40 nm, in monolayer as well as in multilayer graphene; some examples of pores are shown in Fig. 2). Because of the high acceleration voltage of the electron beam, drilling could potentially induce damage to the graphene around the pore. However, electron beam diffraction measurements across the hole ( Fig. 2B and C) confirm the crystallinity of the monolayer surrounding the hole, as evidenced by the well-defined hexagonal diffraction patterns (Fig. 2C).Su...

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Section: -3 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Translocation through Graphene Nanopores

Schneider¹,

Kowalczyk²,

Calado³

et al. 2010

Nano Lett.

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934

930

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“…1%) with an entrance angle of B30° ( Fig. 2a) 22 . As the K 2 SiO 3 layer dissolves in HF, the metal nanomesh detaches from the hydrophobic Si surface and floats on the solution (Fig.…”

Section: Grain Boundary Lithography For Metal Nanomeshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Directly lifting the floating metal mesh with a target substrate from the water side will introduce a water membrane between metal nanomesh and the substrate, and this might further lead to the formation of wrinkles or folds during drying (graphene flakes transferred by this method often have wrinkles) 22,23 , or even rupture. To avoid damage or deformation, the substrate should not contact water.…”

Section: Grain Boundary Lithography For Metal Nanomeshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly stretchable and transparent nanomesh electrodes made by grain boundary lithography

et al. 2014

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Foldable photoelectronics and muscle-like transducers require highly stretchable and transparent electrical conductors. Some conducting oxides are transparent, but not stretchable. Carbon nanotube films, graphene sheets and metal-nanowire meshes can be both stretchable and transparent, but their electrical resistances increase steeply with strain o100%. Here we present highly stretchable and transparent Au nanomesh electrodes on elastomers made by grain boundary lithography. The change in sheet resistance of Au nanomeshes is modest with a one-time strain of B160% (from B21 O per square to B67 O per square), or after 1,000 cycles at a strain of 50%. The good stretchability lies in two aspects: the stretched nanomesh undergoes instability and deflects out-of-plane, while the substrate stabilizes the rupture of Au wires, forming distributed slits. Larger ratio of mesh-size to wire-width also leads to better stretchability. The highly stretchable and transparent Au nanomesh electrodes are promising for applications in foldable photoelectronics and muscle-like transducers.

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“…7 The transfer occurs through the intercalation of a layer of water between a hydrophilic substrate and a hydrophobic polymer thin film where the 2D materials are locked.…”

Section: Wedging Transfer Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10] These deterministic placement methods have also opened the door to observe new physical phenomena [11][12][13] and to assemble complex devices [14][15][16][17] that would be otherwise impossible to fabricate by conventional bottom-up approaches.…”

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confidence: 99%