Web-Based Open-Source Tool for Isotachophoresis

Abstract

We present the development of a client-side web-based simulator for complex electrophoresis phenomena, including isotachophoresis. The simulation tool is called Client-based Application for Fast Electrophoresis Simulation (CAFES). CAFES uses the broad cross-browser compatibility of JavaScript to provide a rapid and easy-to-use tool for coupled unsteady electromigration, diffusion, and equilibrium electrolyte reactions among multiple weak electrolytes. The code uses a stationary grid (for simplicity) and an adaptive time step to provide reliable estimates of ion concentration dynamics (including pH profile evolution), requiring no prior installation nor compilation. CAFES also offers a large database of commonly used species and their relevant physicochemical properties. We present a validation of predictions from CAFES by comparing them to experimental data of peak- and plateau-mode isotachophoresis experiments. The code yields accurate estimates of interface velocity, plateau length and relative intensity, and pH variations while significantly reducing the computation time compared to existing codes. The tool is open-source and available for free at .

Electrophoresis‐Assisted Multilayer Assembly of Nanoparticles for Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay**

“…The selected electrolyte ensures low Joule heating because of its low conductivity. [15] We experimentally confirmed that conjugate migration through the test strip is driven by electrophoresis. The direction of the GNP-Str migration was reversed after reversing the polarity (Figure S11).…”

“…We studied various electrolyte compositions (Table S2, Figure S10) and selected 50 mM sodium borate, pH 8.1, supplemented with 0.05 % 2‐hydroxyethyl cellulose (MW=380 kDa) and 0.08 % sodium dodecyl sulfate as the optimal background electrolyte. The selected electrolyte ensures low Joule heating because of its low conductivity [15] …”

Isotachophoresis with Oscillating Sample Zones to Control the Spatial Overlap of Co-focused Species

“…The pH of LE is approximately 6.6. The buffers were designed using the CAFES online simulation tool . A first series of experiments was carried out to demonstrate the time evolution of the sample distribution over one period of oscillation.…”

“…The buffers were designed using the CAFES online simulation tool. 21 A first series of experiments was carried out to demonstrate the time evolution of the sample distribution over one period of oscillation. They were performed with vanishing spacer concentration and only with AF647.…”

Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2021–mid‐2023)

“…If the effective mobilities of peptides are known or can be at least approximately estimated, then for optimization of their CZE and ITP separations, the freely available powerful simulation programs, PeakMaster and Simul, can be employed [65]. Another new open‐source software for simulation of CITP and other CE separation process of various analytes, including peptides both in a classical plateau mode and in a more sensitive peak mode, was developed by the Santiago group [66]. The basic parameters for the selection of CZE experimental conditions, such as viscosity and electric conductivity of the BGE, injected and total capillary volumes, proportion and amount of injected sample, electric field strength, and others, can be obtained by the CE calculator freely available as an android application [67].…”