Fifteen thousand years ago, the Paleolithic denizens of the Lascaux, Pechmerle or Altamira caves labored to represent aspects of reality which were vital to their life: the animals on which they fed. A crucial motivation for these creations was suggested to be their belief in the power inherent in the representations and imitations of reality to affect and modify aspects of that reality (Hauser, 1951;Fisher, 1963). The hunter who masqueraded as the animal he wished to hunt, and who through identification with the animal intended to increase the yield of the hunt, used the power of imitation to control reality. The cave paintings were not just representations of reality; they were conceived as reality itself (real virtuality?…), and any action directed at them (such as the throwing of arrows or the casting of spears) signified an action affecting a reality destined to take place (virtual reality?…). The representations are a human creation, but their presentation on the walls of the cave evoked a complex relationship between the creator and his creation with regard to the represented reality. In more contemporary terms, this situation can be seen as ancient evidence of the reciprocal relationships between the means and products of knowledge-technology, and the thoughts and beliefs of the creator of these technological means and products.Perceptions, beliefs and knowledge about ourselves, about the world around us and about the cosmos, have undergone a number of essential transformations since humans first endowed their cave paintings with qualities representative of the actual hunt. A common claim is that these transformations are not a consequence of any change in "hardware", i.e., in the physiological characteristics of the human brain. For more than one hundred thousand years, A typical example is the drastic transformations in conceptual perspective (formal theories), and intuitive approach (personal conceptions), which characterize the evolution and development of human's perception of the universe. Some other examples include the following. A known Egyptian drawing portrays the firmament's divinity represented as an arch (the sky) wrapping the earth, who eats the sun every day in the West, thereby causing night, and who releases it in the East for the beginning of a new day. After about two thousand years of the prevailing cosmological theory of Aristotle, according to whom the celestial elements are organized in perfect order in eight layers which revolve around the earth, Copernicus removed the earth from the center of the universe and shifted it to the heavens.
Additional conceptual transformations succeeded from Galileo to Kepler to Descartes toNewton and so on, complementing, expanding, contradicting and replacing each other. And conceptual transformations continued not just with regard to the cosmos, but also with regard to every aspect of the natural and artificial worlds in which we live (Kuhn, 1970;Simon, 1985).To the range of factors which presumably influence the development of knowledge, theorie...