Weaving processes for composites manufacture

The three-dimensional weaving process enables to produce near-net shaped complex preforms used as reinforcement of composite materials. However, the lack of knowledge on the mechanical behaviour of these three-dimensional woven structures may restrict their use for composite material. To fill this gap, we have tempted to highlight their specific mechanical properties according to their endogenous parameters. Based on these different architectures produced on the same weaving loom, several non-impregnated coupons have been mechanically characterized in all the directions of the three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics with quasi-static tensile tests in warp and weft directions as well as in-plane shear tests. According to our analyses, it has been revealed that the combination of several parameters as the woven pattern, the end and pick densities and the presence or not of stuffer warp yarns inside the three-dimensional fabrics may significantly influence the mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensional warp interlock architectures.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 3D warp interlock fabrics parameters made with flax rovings on their final mechanical behaviour

Corbin

Boussu

Ferreira

et al. 2018

“…Fabric production process. Prototype weaving machine, which was developed in GEMTEX Laboratory [71], was used to manufacture the fabrics. This machine is dedicated to manufacture 3D warp interlock fabric from high performance fibres by using special designed mechanisms like warp tensioning system.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

Korkmaz

Okur

Labanieh

et al. 2021

Composite materials which are reinforced with 3D warp interlock fabrics have outstanding mechanical properties such as higher delamination resistance, ballistic damage resistance and impact damage tolerance by means of their improved structural properties. Textile reinforcements are exposed to large deformations in the production stage of composite materials which have complex shape. Although good formability properties of 3D warp interlock fabrics in forming process were already proven by recent studies, further information is needed to elucidate forming behaviours of multi-layer fabrics which is produced with high stiffness yarns like carbon. In this study, 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics were produced on a prototype weaving loom and the same carbon yarn was used in two fabric directions with equal number of yarn densities. Fabrics were differentiated with regard to the presence of stuffer warp yarn, weave pattern and parameters of binding warp yarn which are angle and depth. Therefore, the effect of fabric architecture on the mechanical and formability properties of 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics could be clarified. Three different breaking behaviours of fabrics were detected and they were correlated with crimp percentages of yarn groups. In addition, the bending and shear deformations were analysed in view of parameters of fabric architectures. Two distinct forming behaviours of fabrics were determined according to the distribution of deformation areas on fabrics. Moreover, the optimal structure was identified for forming process considering the fabric architecture.

“…Furthermore, 3DWIFs, made by UHMWPE filaments, can have lower areal density compared to 3DWIFs made by other high-performance fabrics; thus, they can be applied in the lightweight protection areas. However, using all these high-performance yarns into 3DWIFs has led to some difficulties during the weaving process, especially in the management of warp tensions, compared to more classical yarns as cotton or polyester [30].…”

Section: A Reminder About the 3dwifsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the mechanical performance of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics as reinforcement in composites

Wang

Boussu

et al. 2020

In recent years, the research interest on three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics (3DWIFs) as reinforcement in composites is warranted and obtained popularity due to their advantages over two-dimensional laminated fabrics. The current literature tends to address the aspects of mechanical properties of 3DWIFs by experimental and numerical approaches. This review aims at providing an overview and comprehensive understanding of dry 3DWIFs. The filaments/yarns used, the common structures, and categories of 3DWIFs are reviewed. Recent characterizations of the mechanical performance of dry 3DWIFs are discussed. Theoretical and numerical models for predicting the mechanical properties of dry 3DWIFs are also delineated. The critical review can provide valuable ideas and guidance for future studies.