Weathering of miocene ferruginous sandstone in ancient buildings in northeastern Belgium

Fobe, B.; Sweevers, H.; Vleugels, G.; Grieken, R. Van

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(93)90261-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Those data show that the native rock contains 30-35% carbonates and that the cement binder between the sand grains contains 15-25% carbonates. SO2 attack on the rock walls thus is possible and should be examined further as SC>2-induced damage to sandstones has been observed elsewhere (28,29). As part of the present study, a sample of the cliff rock that had been exposed to the local atmosphere was examined by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Pollutants in the Buddhist Cave Temples at the Yungang Grottoes, China

Salmon¹,

Christoforou²,

Cass³

1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Pollutants in the Buddhist Cave Temples at the Yungang Grottoes, China

Salmon¹,

Christoforou²,

Cass³

1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Many studies have been performed concerning the mechanisms and results of interaction between atmospheric substances and those in construction materials. Among these studies, some stand out for better clarifying the chemical deterioration processes in monuments or structures exposed to atmospheric aerosol and/or acid deposition (Leysen et al, 1989(Leysen et al, , 1990Zappia et al, 1992Zappia et al, , 1993Zappia et al, , 1998Fobe et al, 1993;O'Brien et al, 1995;Perry and Duffy, 1997;Sabbioni et al, 1998Sabbioni et al, , 2001Sabbioni et al, , 2003Gobbi et al, 1998;Martinez-Ramirez, 2000;Okochi et al, 2000). Few studies refer to the action of marine aerosol on construction materials or historical monuments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the aggressive potential of marine chloride and sulfate salts on mortars applied as renders in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador – Bahia, Brazil

Costa

Campos

Filho

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Management

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In recent years, growing interest has focused on determining the performance of materials and evaluating the service life of structures exposed to various environmental forces. In this context, the determination of the aggressive potential of marine salts on mortars used as external renders is critical. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of marine salts relative to distance from the sea. This was done by monitoring the deposition rate of chlorides and sulfates in wet candle sensors, located at nine stations scattered around the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil. The study also determined the effectiveness of water-soluble salts at penetrating three different types of mortars of varying cement content via deposition and diffusion. The methodology employed enabled an evaluation of the efficiency of the monitoring sensors' measurement of the aggressiveness potential of local marine aerosol, and determination of the comparative performance of the three mortars tested, from the standpoint of resistance to salt penetration. The type and amount of salts captured both in solution and in powder samples extracted from the mortars were determined by ion chromatography. The analysis of the various types of mortars tested indicated which types are more resistant to the aggressive potential of the region's marine aerosol and the distance from the shore where local buildings are liable to be most strongly affected.

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Study of the deterioration of sandstone due to acid rain and humid SO₂ gas

et al. 2004

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The aim of this work was to study the deterioration of various kinds of sandstone due to acid rain and SO 2 gas. The samples were taken from three quarries in Poland and one sample was from a tomb about 100 years old. To elucidate the mechanism of stone deterioration, simple experiments were performed. The sandstone samples were immersed for several weeks in SO 2 aqueous solution of pH ≈ 4. Similar experiments were performed using SO 2 aqueous solution of pH ≈ 1.5. The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe leached from the sandstone samples were measured with TXRF. An additional experiment was carried out with the use of radioactive 35 SO 2 . The samples were exposed to both 35 SO 2 aqueous solution and to 35 SO 2 gas. The autoradiograms obtained from the sample cross-sections indicated that sulfur penetrated to the interior parts of sandstone samples, especially from SO 2 gas.

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Weathering of miocene ferruginous sandstone in ancient buildings in northeastern Belgium

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Airborne Pollutants in the Buddhist Cave Temples at the Yungang Grottoes, China

Airborne Pollutants in the Buddhist Cave Temples at the Yungang Grottoes, China

Evaluation of the aggressive potential of marine chloride and sulfate salts on mortars applied as renders in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador – Bahia, Brazil

Study of the deterioration of sandstone due to acid rain and humid SO₂ gas

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Weathering of miocene ferruginous sandstone in ancient buildings in northeastern Belgium

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Airborne Pollutants in the Buddhist Cave Temples at the Yungang Grottoes, China

Airborne Pollutants in the Buddhist Cave Temples at the Yungang Grottoes, China

Evaluation of the aggressive potential of marine chloride and sulfate salts on mortars applied as renders in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador – Bahia, Brazil

Study of the deterioration of sandstone due to acid rain and humid SO2 gas

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Study of the deterioration of sandstone due to acid rain and humid SO₂ gas