Wearable Solid-State Supercapacitors Operating at High Working Voltage with a Flexible Nanocomposite Electrode

Abstract

The proposed approach for fabricating ultralight self-sustained electrodes facilitates the structural integration of highly flexible carbon nanofibers, amino-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AM-MWNT), and MnO nanoflakes for potential use in wearable supercapacitors. Because of the higher orientation of AM-MWNT and the sublimation of terephthalic acid (PTA) in the carbonization process, freestanding electrodes could be realized with high porosity and flexibility and could possess remarkable electrochemical properties without using polymer substrates. Wearable symmetric solid-state supercapacitors were further assembled using a LiCl/PVA gel electrolyte, which exhibit a maximum energy density of 44.57 Wh/kg (at a power density of 337.1 W/kg) and a power density of 13330 W/kg (at an energy density of 19.64 Wh/kg) with a working voltage as high as 1.8 V. Due to the combination of several favorable traits such as flexibility, high energy density, and excellent electrochemical cyclability, the presently developed wearable supercapacitors with wide potential windows are expected to be useful for new kinds of portable electric devices.

Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors: An Overview

“…To prevent this delamination issue, one strategy is to develop a self-supporting or binder-free flexible 2D thin-film electrode. This method can reduce the volume occupied by the current collector, increase the utilization rate of the active material, and finally increase the specific capacity of the electrode [ 52 ]. For instance, transition metal oxide (TMO) such as vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) films were achieved via a thermal evaporation technique [ 53 ].…”

Soft Material-Enabled, Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Medicine, Healthcare, and Human-Machine Interfaces

“…Here, an MnO 2 nanosheet grown on a nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheet with PVA-LiCl gel electrolyte created a supercapacitor capable of 305 F/g specific capacitance [ 41 ]. Another film-shaped supercapacitor involved the development of an amino-functionalized MWCNTs and MnO 2 thin film composite as electrodes separated by a cellulose layer [ 140 ]. This design retained 90% of its capacitance after 2000 bending cycles at 90°.…”

Transition metal dichalcogenide nanostructured electrodes without calcination for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors

“…Global demand for renewable and clean energies has been driven to develop effective energy storage/ conversion systems which meet growing energy needs for portable and wearable device applications. 1,2 As is known, three types of energy storage systems such as electrochemical capacitors (also termed supercapacitors), fuel cells, and batteries have been fulfilling the energy requirements being as a dominant model while contributing to their maximum energy and power densities in energy technology. 3,4 Among them, electrochemical capacitors have attracted tremendous research attention due to their fast charge/discharge property, high power density, long cycling life, environmentfriendly feature, excellent durability, and low cost when compared to the other two energy storage systems.…”

“…Global demand for renewable and clean energies has been driven to develop effective energy storage/conversion systems which meet growing energy needs for portable and wearable device applications 1,2 . As is known, three types of energy storage systems such as electrochemical capacitors (also termed supercapacitors), fuel cells, and batteries have been fulfilling the energy requirements being as a dominant model while contributing to their maximum energy and power densities in energy technology 3,4 .…”