Wearable Ring Resonator Antenna

Abstract

In this paper a metamaterial wearable antenna is proposed. The proposed design is based on a transmission line coupled to a pair of double ring resonators (DRRs) on an e-textile substrate. The metallic antenna layer is fully embroidered providing both electromagnetic and mechanical good properties. The proposed design is validated by comparison of 3D electromagnetic simulations and measurements. The obtained results correspond to S 11 < À29.5 dB with a gain of 9.64 dBi at resonance frequency and 93% efficiency covering a 160 MHz bandwidth. In addition, the effect of environmental condition such as temperature and humidity on antenna is reported. Results show the resonance frequency level shift in several climatic conditions. Moreover, the specific absorption rate (SAR) to preserve the human body safety from radiation is performed by means of numerical simulations, according to the international regulation. Experimental results confirm that the embroidered MTM antenna is a useful technique to control the propagation of signals on wearable applications.

Multiresonant Split Ring Resonator with Meandered Strips

“…To experimentally assess multiple resonances in an SRR, an SRR antenna was produced by embroidery. This technology is commonly considered for a textile production of wearable metamaterial antennas involving a ring and an SRR . It was conveniently selected in this work for energy‐harvesting application by smart textiles which is not specifically concerned with this article.…”

“…This technology is commonly considered for a textile production of wearable metamaterial antennas involving a ring and an SRR. [33][34][35] It was conveniently selected in this work for energy-harvesting application by smart textiles which is not specifically concerned with this article. An S-shaped antenna with two SRRs is shown in Figure 4a.…”

E-Textile Metamaterials: Stop Band Pass Filter

“…Then, for the manufacture of the prototype, a SINGER Futura XL-550 embroidery machine was used. The conductor thread that was selected for the stitches on cotton was a commercial Shieldex 117/17 dtex two-ply, for which the features were 99% pure silver-plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex with a linear resistance of less than 30 Ω/cm [11,12]. The prototype was sewn with two types of threads, with consideration of the mechanical limitations of the sewing machine, in which the conductive yarn was selected as bobbin thread and the sulky yarn was used as top thread.…”

“…Then, for the manufacture of the prototype, a SINGER Futura XL-550 embroidery machine was used. The conductor thread that was selected for the stitches on cotton was a commercial Shieldex 117/17 dtex two-ply, for which the features were 99% pure silver-plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex with a linear resistance of less than 30 Ω/cm [11,12].…”

“…On the other hand, metamaterials (MTMs) [3,4] are an attractive topic for researchers recently, which they have applied for improving microwave systems such as antennas, filters, and sensors [5][6][7]. Recently, MTMs have been integrated into textiles and have led to the development of MTM in a variety of reported fields, such as e-textile metamaterial transmission lines [8], MTM textile sensors [9], MTM microwave absorbers [10], double ring resonators garment antenna [11], and (in the field of filtering) e-textile band pass filters [12]. Furthermore, split-ring resonators (SRRs), which were introduced by [3,13], make an effective magnetic coupling with microstrip topology, that they don't need additional magnetic materials.…”