Wearable Intrinsically Soft, Stretchable, Flexible Devices for Memories and Computing

Rajan, Krishna; Garofalo, Erik; Chiolerio, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/s18020367

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…These include temperature, pH, heart rate, blood/intraocular pressure, neural signals, and air quality (Bonato 2010;Schwartz et al 2013). Areas of flexible electronics which include consumer products, handhelds, wearable computing, and monitoring of health vitals are also discussed (Khan et al 2016;Rajan et al 2018). A smaller, albeit growing subset of flexible devices lies is in the area of biochemical sensing wherein the system either comprises of a biological element for detection (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design, fabrication, and applications of flexible biosensing devices

Meng

Obodo

Yadavalli

2019

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

132

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Flexible biosensors form part of a rapidly growing research field that take advantage of a multidisciplinary approach involving materials, fabrication and design strategies to be able to function at biological interfaces that may be soft, intrinsically curvy, irregular, or elastic. Numerous exciting advancements are being proposed and developed each year towards applications in healthcare, fundamental biomedical research, food safety and environmental monitoring. In order to place these developments in perspective, this review is intended to present an overview on field of flexible biosensor development. We endeavor to show how this subset of the broader field of flexible and wearable devices presents unique characteristics inherent in their design. Initially, a discussion on the structure of flexible biosensors is presented to address the critical issues specific to their design. We then summarize the different materials as substrates that can resist mechanical deformation while retaining their function of the bioreceptors and active elements. Several examples of flexible biosensors are presented based on the different environments in which they may be deployed or on the basis of targeted biological analytes. Challenges and future perspectives pertinent to the current and future stages of development are presented. Through these summaries and discussion, this review is expected to provide insights towards a systematic and fundamental understanding for the fabrication and utilization of flexible biosensors, as well as inspire and improve designs for smart and effective devices in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design, fabrication, and applications of flexible biosensing devices

Meng

Obodo

Yadavalli

2019

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

132

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“…With the rapid development of soft electronics [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], flexible and wearable sensors have shown evident advantages in biomedical applications, such as health-monitoring, wearable devices, artificial skin and intelligent robotics [10,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For instance, strain sensors can be attached to human body and its melting point is 10.5 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Liquid Metal-Enabled Flexible and Wearable Sensors

2020

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Sensors are core elements to directly obtain information from surrounding objects for further detecting, judging and controlling purposes. With the rapid development of soft electronics, flexible sensors have made considerable progress, and can better fit the objects to detect and, thus respond to changes more sensitively. Recently, as a newly emerging electronic ink, liquid metal is being increasingly investigated to realize various electronic elements, especially soft ones. Compared to conventional soft sensors, the introduction of liquid metal shows rather unique advantages. Due to excellent flexibility and conductivity, liquid-metal soft sensors present high enhancement in sensitivity and precision, thus producing many profound applications. So far, a series of flexible and wearable sensors based on liquid metal have been designed and tested. Their applications have also witnessed a growing exploration in biomedical areas, including health-monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices and intelligent robots etc. This article presents a systematic review of the typical progress of liquid metal-enabled soft sensors, including material innovations, fabrication strategies, fundamental principles, representative application examples, and so on. The perspectives of liquid-metal soft sensors is finally interpreted to conclude the future challenges and opportunities.2 of 25 to monitor skin strain and muscle movement [32]. Introduction of soft sensors has greatly propelled the development of intelligent artificial skin, which provides not only aesthetic functions, but also perception of tactile sensation and temperature measurement [33,34]. They can also be applied to realize intelligent perception and control for robots [35][36][37]. Moreover, flexible sensors can tightly fit the object and maintain performance even while being stretched. In this way, they can respond to changes more sensitively and detect position and posture alteration in real time.Up to now, materials and techniques to achieve flexible sensors have been widely explored. To obtain better application output for the human body, both flexibility and biocompatibility of the substrates are required. Soft thermoplastic polymers and silicone elastomers are the most common substrates used to fabricate flexible sensors, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly urethane (PU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Eco Flex [38]. Moreover, the sensing elements are other important parts, which are mainly made up of conductive materials, including organic and inorganic nanomaterials [39,40]. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotube and graphene, have been investigated in various soft circuits [39,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Although circuits fabricated by carbon-based materials are highly stretchable, they are not as conductive as those fabricated by metals. Nanoparticles of rigid metals are applied to design soft circuits with high conductivity, among which silver nanoparticles have been extensively studied [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Moreover, liquid me...

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“…Printed and flexile electronics has been receiving much attention recently and emerging as an important research area to meet the anticipated demands of the Internet of Things (IoT). [1][2][3], memory [4][5][6][7], battery [8], supercapacitor [9,10], photovoltaics [11], energy scavengers [12,13], gas sensors [14][15][16], biosensors and lab-on-paper [17][18][19], heat therapy pad [20], UV sensors [21], pressure and other physical sensors [22,23], antennas [24,25], displays [26] and many others [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Printing of Nanomaterials for IoT Applications

Ramamurti¹,

Gandhiraman²,

Lopez³

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Nanotechnol.

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An atmospheric pressure plasma based printer is described as an alternative to conventional techniques including inkjet printing. The approach is demonstrated to be capable of printing various nanomaterials, and adjusting the plasma parameters, carrier gas flows and the physical parameters of the inks or nanomaterial suspensions can optimize the print quality. Raman analysis was used to characterize the oxide materials and carbon nanotubes printed using this technique, revealing high quality prints. The printed carbon nanotubes were used in a gas sensor chip and shown to provide good ammonia detection capability.

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Wearable Intrinsically Soft, Stretchable, Flexible Devices for Memories and Computing

Cited by 61 publications

References 78 publications

The design, fabrication, and applications of flexible biosensing devices

The design, fabrication, and applications of flexible biosensing devices

Advances in Liquid Metal-Enabled Flexible and Wearable Sensors

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Printing of Nanomaterials for IoT Applications

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