Wearable Electronics Based on 2D Materials for Human Physiological Information Detection

Abstract

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10. 1002/smll.201901124. Recently, advancement in materials production, device fabrication, and flexi ble circuit has led to the huge prosperity of wearable electronics for human healthcare monitoring and medical diagnosis. Particularly, with the emergence of 2D materials many merits including light weight, high stretchability, excellent biocompatibility, and high performance are used for those potential applications. Thus, it is urgent to review the wearable electronics based on 2D materials for the detection of various human signals. In this work, the typical graphene-based materials, transition-metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal carbides or carbonitrides used for the wearable electronics are discussed. To well understand the human physiological information, it is divided into two dominated categories, namely, the human physical and the human chemical signals. The monitoring of body temperature, electrograms, subtle signals, and limb motions is described for the physical signals while the detection of body fluid including sweat, breathing gas, and saliva is reviewed for the chemical signals. Recent progress and development toward those specific utilizations are highlighted in the Review with the representative examples. The future outlook of wearable healthcare techniques is briefly discussed for their commercialization. Wearable Electronics

Bioelectronics‐Related 2D Materials Beyond Graphene: Fundamentals, Properties, and Applications

“…These soft devices can be connected to skin surfaces or attached to biological tissues to monitor a variety of physiological signals such as limb motion, body temperature, pulse pressure, body sweat, breathing gas, and saliva. [263] However, these devices need to be constructed from flexible and even stretchable materials. Owing to their ultra-low thickness and large surface-to-volume ratio, 2D materials have been widely conformably integrated on human skin or in biological tissues to afford versatile wearable devices.…”

“…Ti 3 C 2 T x has been used as a flexible electrode material enabling the actuation upon electrochemical process occurrence. [ 263 ] In‐depth research demonstrated that the expansion and shrinkage of the interlayer spacing of MXenes results in actuation. To develop multifunctional actuators, researchers studied the structure of leaves and developed a bilayer actuator based on Ti 3 C 2 T x ‐cellulose composites (MXCC) and a polycarbonate (PC) membrane ( Figure a,b).…”

Analysis of Data from Wearable Sensors for Sleep Quality Estimation and Prediction Using Deep Learning

“…There are evidences of versatile use of wearable devices for emerging applications in healthcare monitoring [24][25][26]. Various new sensors for healthcare tracking have been devised in the recent past for different purposes [27][28][29][30][31] and these devices have been used for various applications [32,33]. The commonly acknowledged applications of these wearable devices include mental health assessment [34] and sleep monitoring [35].…”

Flexible Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications: From Ex Vivo to In Vivo

“…with flexible substrates in different ways. [1][2][3][4] Compared with the conventional rigid silicon-based electronics, this kind of electronics can withstand various deformations such as tension, compression, bending, and twisting, etc. Pressure sensors that can transduce external pressure into processing compatibility is urgently desired for the fabrication of flexible pressure sensors.…”