Wearable and stretchable conductive polymer composites for strain sensors: How to design a superior one?

Lin, Liwei; Park, Sumin; Kim, Yuri; Bae, Minjun; Lee, Jeongyeon; Zhang, Wang; Gao, Jiefeng; Paek, Sun Ha; Piao, Yuanzhe

doi:10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.08.003

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Electrically conductive PU composites have many other applications including flexible electronics, toxic pollutant removal, lightning strike protection, drug delivery applications, and so forth which are explained in details elsewhere. [178][179][180][181] Biocompatibility of conductive PU composites Biocompatibility of the conductive PU composites can turn into a serious problem when the nanocomposites are designed for biomedical applications. Conductive PU nanocomposites may confer cell or tissue toxicity most likely due to the release of the nanofillers.…”

Section: Tissue Engineering Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

Jafarzadeh,

Farzaneh,

Haddadi‐Asl

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Polyurethanes (PUs) thanks to the occurrence of phase separation and biphasic structure prevail over other polymer matrixes for impregnation of conductive fillers and production of conductive composites. A number of carbonous fillers including carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphite and its derivatives, and fullerene can be loaded into the PU matrixes to impart electrical conductivity. The properties of the carbonous fillers, the filler/PU interactions, and the method of compositing determine the conductive performance of the composite. It is possible to modulate the properties of the conductive PU composites and employ them for a number of electronic applications including but not limited to the strain sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, supercapacitors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In the present review, first, the distinctive properties of PU as a matrix of conductive composites have been discussed. Then, various carbon fillers loaded into the PU matrixes and their structural and conductive properties have been debated. Thereafter, the fabrication methods of the conductive composites as well as the influential parameters on the electrical properties of the composites have been reviewed to provide an insight into how fulfill a PU composite with the desired electrical performance. And finally, a number of applications of conductive PU composites have been put forward.Highlights Polyurethanes are very capable matrixes for conductive composites. Carbonous fillers can be loaded into the PU matrixes to impart conductivity. Conductive PU composites are employed for a number of electronic applications. Herein, properties, fillers, and applications of PU composites are reviewed.

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Section: Tissue Engineering Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

Jafarzadeh,

Farzaneh,

Haddadi‐Asl

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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“…With the rapid advancement of smart and wearable electronic products, human society is demonstrating an increasing demand for high-performance flexible energy storage devices, particularly miniaturized flexible supercapacitors that are lightweight, have a high capacity, can charge quickly, and have a long cycle life. − Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors are three categories of supercapacitors that can be distinguished based on the energy storage mechanism of the Faraday reaction. , The performance of supercapacitors is greatly influenced by the materials used for the electrodes and electrolytes. , Therefore, to fabricate supercapacitors with high power density and high energy density, it is necessary to develop novel electrode materials, electrolytes, and innovative device configurations . The commonly used electrode materials for supercapacitors include carbon materials [activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon fibers, and carbon aerogels], transition-metal oxides (RuO 2 , MnO 2 , IrO 2 , NiO, Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , and V 2 O 5 ), conductive polymers [polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyaniline (PANI) , ] and their various composites. − Electrode materials made of carbon display the typical behavior of an EDLC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Coral-like Polyaniline/Continuously Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Woven Composite Films for Flexible High-Stability Supercapacitor Electrodes

Shi

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The electrochemical performance is significantly influenced by the structure and surface morphology of the electrode materials used in supercapacitors. Using the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) technique, a self-supporting, flexible layer of continuously reinforced carbon nanotube woven film (CNWF) was developed. Then, polyaniline (PANI) was formed in the conductive network of CNWF using cyclic voltammetry electrochemical polymerization (CVEP) in various aqueous electrolytes to produce a series of flexible CNWF/PANI composite films. The impacts of the CVEP period, electrolyte type, and electrolyte concentration on the surface morphology, doping degree, and hydrophilicity of CNWF/PANI composite films were thoroughly examined. The CNWF/PANI1-15C composite electrode, which was created using 15 cycles of CVEP in a solution of 1 M sodium bisulfate, displayed a distinctive coral-like PANI layer with a well-defined sharp nanoprotuberance structure, a 48% doping degree, and a quick reversible pseudocapacitive storage mechanism. At a current density of 1 A g–1, the energy density and specific capacitance reached 54.9 Wh kg–1 and 1098.0 F g–1, respectively, with a specific capacitance retention rate of 75.9% maintained at 10 A g–1. Both the specific capacitance and coulomb efficiency were maintained at 96.9% and more than 98.1% of their initial values after being subjected to 2000 cycles of galvanostatic charge and discharge, demonstrating excellent electrochemical cycling stability. The CNWF/PANI1-15C composite film, an ideal electrode material, offers a promising future in the field of flexible energy storage due to its exceptional mechanical properties (127.9 MPa tensile strength and 16.2% elongation at break).

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“…As science has progressed, wearable devices have gained popularity for use in fields including human movement detection, healthcare monitoring, and soft robotics. However, equipment designed to accommodate the growing number of smart wearable devices presents a difficulty when it comes to matching mechanical deformations such as bending, folding, twisting, and stretching [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Thanks to their flexibility and low weight, soft strain sensors have emerged as a leading candidate for future wearable devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch-g-Acrylic Acid/Magnetic Nanochitin Self-Healing Ferrogels as Flexible Soft Strain Sensors

Heidarian

Kouzani

2023

Sensors

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Mechanically robust ferrogels with high self-healing ability might change the design of soft materials used in strain sensing. Herein, a robust, stretchable, magneto-responsive, notch insensitive, ionic conductive nanochitin ferrogel was fabricated with both autonomous self-healing and needed resilience for strain sensing application without the need for additional irreversible static chemical crosslinks. For this purpose, ferric (III) chloride hexahydrate and ferrous (II) chloride as the iron source were initially co-precipitated to create magnetic nanochitin and the co-precipitation was confirmed by FTIR and microscopic images. After that, the ferrogels were fabricated by graft copolymerisation of acrylic acid-g-starch with a monomer/starch weight ratio of 1.5. Ammonium persulfate and magnetic nanochitin were employed as the initiator and crosslinking/nano-reinforcing agents, respectively. The ensuing magnetic nanochitin ferrogel provided not only the ability to measure strain in real-time under external magnetic actuation but also the ability to heal itself without any external stimulus. The ferrogel may also be used as a stylus for a touch-screen device. Based on our findings, our research has promising implications for the rational design of multifunctional hydrogels, which might be used in applications such as flexible and soft strain sensors, health monitoring, and soft robotics.

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Wearable and stretchable conductive polymer composites for strain sensors: How to design a superior one?

Cited by 19 publications

References 116 publications

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

Fabrication of Coral-like Polyaniline/Continuously Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Woven Composite Films for Flexible High-Stability Supercapacitor Electrodes

Starch-g-Acrylic Acid/Magnetic Nanochitin Self-Healing Ferrogels as Flexible Soft Strain Sensors

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