Wear of nano-structured carbide-free bainitic steels under dry rolling–sliding conditions

Leiro, Alejandro; Vuorinen, Esa; Sundin, Karl-Gustaf; Prakash, Braham; Sourmail, Thomas; Smanio, Véronique; Caballero, Francisca G.; García‐Mateo, C.; Elvira, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.064

Cited by 146 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A similar conclusion was reached when comparing the bulk form of the nanostructured bainite, which again had a lower sliding wear-rate than harder martensite [7]. The dry rolling-sliding wear of series of steels said to contain carbide-free bainite has been reported recently [8] ( a high slip of ∼ 5% was used in the test programme); here, the carbide-free bainitic steels were shown to exhibit significantly lower rates of wear (∼ 50%) than a steel with a lower bainitic microstructure, even at similar hardness levels and this was attributed to the desirable combination of hardness and toughness of the carbide-free bainitic microstructure. However, the metallography reported is not of sufficient resolution to establish the presence of a nanostructure, and the higher transformation temperatures used are consistent with coarser forms of bainite.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Three-body abrasive wear of fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite and martensite

Bakshi¹,

Shipway²,

Bhadeshia³

2013

Wear

119

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The abrasive wear of three metallurgical structures with radically different hardnesses have been investigated for the same steel. The particular steel concerned is a recent innovation capable of generating extremely fine distributions of crystals. The austenite in the alloy nevertheless has the capability of uniformly transforming into extremely fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite, and plate martensite. It is found that although the abrasion rates and wear coefficients are not very different for the three states, the mechanisms of abrasion are quite different. We report detailed characterisation experiments together with comparisons with commercially available steels subjected to identical tests.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Three-body abrasive wear of fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite and martensite

Bakshi¹,

Shipway²,

Bhadeshia³

2013

Wear

119

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“…Recently, in the frame of a Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) project [9], these microstructures demonstrated superior potential for abrasive wear applications in large components, where a uniform microstructure free from residual stresses or without complex processing is required. Likewise, it was confirmed through industrial testing, that these new grades are on a par with significantly more expensive abrasive wear-resistant alloy steels [10].…”

Section: Nanostructured Bainitementioning

confidence: 85%

Transferring Nanoscale Bainite Concept to Lower C Contents: A Perspective

García‐Mateo

Paul

Somani

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:The major strengthening mechanisms in bainitic steels arise from the bainitic ferrite plate thickness rather than the length, which primarily determines the mean free slip distance. Both the strength of the austenite from where the bainite grows and the driving force of the transformation, are the two factors controlling the final scale of the bainitic microstructure. Usually, those two parameters can be tailored by means of selection of chemical composition and transformation temperature. However, there is also the possibility of introducing plastic deformation on austenite and prior to the bainitic transformation as a way to enhance both the austenite strength and the driving force for the transformation; the latter by introducing a mechanical component to the free energy change. This process, known as ausforming, has awoken a great deal of interest and it is the object of ongoing research with two clear aims. First, an acceleration of the sluggish bainitic transformation observed typically in high C steels (0.7-1 wt. %) transformed at relatively low temperatures. Second, to extend the concept of nanostructured bainite from those of high C steels to much lower C contents, 0.4-0.5 wt. %, keeping a wider range of applications in view.Keywords: bainite; ausforming; kinetics; plate thickness Structural Refinement of Bainitic Steels: General ConsiderationsBainitic steels can be designed on the basis of the theory that predicts the highest temperature at which bainite (Bs) and martensite (Ms) can start to form in a steel of a given composition. These two temperatures constitute the upper and lower limits at which the isothermal heat treatment can be performed to generate bainite.It has been reported that bainitic ferrite plate thickness depends primarily on three parameters, i.e., (1) the strength of the austenite at the transformation temperature, (2) the dislocation density in the austenite and (3) the chemical free energy change accompanying transformation [1][2][3]. In accord, a strong austenite possessing a high dislocation density and a large driving force results in finer plates. Austenite strength and dislocation density refine the structure by increasing the resistance to interface motion, and the thermodynamic driving force refines the structure by increasing the nucleation rate. All three factors-austenite strength, dislocation density and driving force-increase

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“…Bainite plate thickness and retained austenite content are shown to be important factors in controlling the yield strength, though additional, non-negligible parameters remain to be quantified [12]. Rolling-sliding wear performances are found to be exceptional, with as little as 1% of the specific wear rate of conventional 100Cr6 isothermally transformed to bainite [13]. It is suggested that this results from the decomposition of retained austenite in the worn layer, which considerably increases hardness and presumably introduces compressive residual stresses.…”

Section: Developing Nanocrystalline Steels By Displacive Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Martensite and bainite in nanocrystalline steels: understanding, design and applications

Caballero¹

2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. There are major difficulties in creating novel nanocrystalline structures that have a combination of properties appropriate for large scale applications. An important requirement is to be able to manufacture nanocrystalline components which are large in all dimensions on their macroscale whilst retaining their nanostructure. In addition, the material concerned must be cheap to produce if it is not to be limited to niche applications. Severe plastic deformation has not succeeded in this respect since grain growth cannot effectively be suppressed during consolidation processes. Therefore, processing bulk nanocrystalline materials for structural applications still poses a big challenge, particularly in achieving an industrially viable process. Here we describe various processing strategies and alloy developments currently being explored in the modern steel industry that have the potential to create extremely strong and affordable nanocrystalline engineering steels.

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Wear of nano-structured carbide-free bainitic steels under dry rolling–sliding conditions

Cited by 146 publications

References 23 publications

Three-body abrasive wear of fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite and martensite

Three-body abrasive wear of fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite and martensite

Transferring Nanoscale Bainite Concept to Lower C Contents: A Perspective

Martensite and bainite in nanocrystalline steels: understanding, design and applications

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