Wear mechanism of flax/basalt fiber-reinforced eco friendly brake friction materials

Abstract

Fibre-reinforced polymer composites exhibit excellent mechanical and tribological properties. Due to these reasons, they are used in many engineering applications such as transmission and brake systems. In the present study, the wear mechanism of flax and basalt fibre-reinforced phenolic composites was studied using a pin-on-disc wear tester. The sliding conditions such as sliding velocity and normal force varied from 0.1 to 0.5 m/s and 9.81 to 49.04 N, respectively. The wear map of worn-out specimens were analysed using wear mechanism map developed using Fuzzy Clustering Method. Scanning Electron microscopy photographs were examined and wear map was correlated. Different wear mechanisms that dominated a particular wear regime were discussed in this paper.

Tribological Analysis on Basalt/Aramid Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyimide Composites: An Alternate Brake Pad Material

“…The dried aramid fiber is soaked in this DMF/PI mixed solution and left in it for 30 minutes. Finally the fiber was dried for 5 hrs at 80 oC in oven [23].…”

“…This concept may be correlated to the thermal and mechanical property of fiber which protects the polymer matrix from the severe wear at elevated temperature [43][44][45]. At higher sliding velocities the coefficient of friction has no major variation, at the same time wear loss reduces with raise in load, this might be because of the increase in temperature resulting in adhesion of fiber with the sliding surface making the further material removal difficult there by reducing wear loss to a greater extent [23]. Figure 6d represents the contour plot of wear loss under normal load and sliding velocity of AFRC specimen.…”

“…The drop in wear loss occurs as the load increases, this may be because of the ironing mechanism caused by friction-induced heat which makes material removal from the pin more difficult [23]. At medium and higher speeds with increasing load, it is found that there is significant drop in wear and is found to be minimal which can be attributed to the mechanical and thermal behavior of the hybrid fiber reinforced composite as well as the exposure of well entangled basalt and aramid fibers at the sliding interfaces [18,43,45,48].…”

“…Various research studies carried out have identified that during the breaking operation the major possible failures are chemical modification, thermal instability, high wear rate and propagation of Cracks [23]. Other investigations conducted have also revealed the different means by which wear can take place in polymer composites are by fiber damage, fiberbinder agglomeration, and matrix crack [24][25][26].…”

Brake Discs: A Technological Review From Its Analysis and Assessment

“…Considering the above, researchers analyzed wear mechanism in phenolic linen fiber-reinforced compounds within a disc brake under conditions, by implementing electronic microscopy methods. In addition, wear map was correlated to previously taken pictures (Ilanko;Vijayaraghavan, 2017;Palmer;Mishra;Fieldhouse, 2009). Brake pads and unfunctional discs were used in asphalt mixtures to analyze their properties and features since it has become a type of solid waste, which turns to be a grave environmental problem.…”