Weaker top–down modulation from the left inferior frontal gyrus in children

Bitan, Tali; Burman, Douglas D.; Lu, Duanfang; Cone, Nadia E.; Gitelman, Darren R.; Mesulam, Marek-Marsel; Booth, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.007

Cited by 86 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The age-related increase in this effective connectivity may also be related to age-related increases in language lateralization, seen in a previous study [21], at least for semantic processing aspects of language. Our results corroborate a previous fMRI study [22], in which effective connectivity from the left inferior frontal gyrus for orthographic and phonographic tasks was found be to greater in adults as compared to children. This result was interpreted as evidencing the development of top-down cognitive control for language tasks in the left inferior frontal gyrus, modulating activity in temporal and parietal regions, in agreement with our results and hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of effective connectivity for narrative comprehension in children

2007

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A large-scale study of narrative comprehension using fMRI was performed involving children ages 5-18 years old using a recently published method, Multivariate Autoregressive Modeling (MAR), modified for multi-subject analyses in order to investigate effective connectivity and its development with age. Feedback networks were found during a narrative processing task and involved effective connectivity from Broca's area and the medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus to the posterior aspects of the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally. The effective connectivity from Broca's area to the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere was shown to increase with age. The results demonstrate the feasibility of performing multi-subject MAR analyses to investigate effective connectivity in the absence of an a priori model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of effective connectivity for narrative comprehension in children

2007

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“…The activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus has repeatedly been associated with phonological processes as shown by the meta-analysis of Vigneau (Vigneau et al, 2006) or a series of studies using either auditory (Booth et al, 2007;Cao et al, 2006;Ruff et al, 2008) or visual tasks (Bach et al, 2010;Bitan et al, 2006;Poldrack et al, 1999). Its pronounced activation is in line with the well established view that phonological processes are especially important at the beginning of reading acquisition (Coltheart et al, 2001;Ehri, 1998).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 56%

Print-specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade

et al. 2013

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Children who are poor readers usually experience troublesome school careers and consequently often suffer from secondary emotional and behavioural problems. Early identification and prediction of later reading problems thus are critical in order to start targeted interventions for those children with an elevated risk for emerging reading problems. In this study, behavioural precursors of reading were assessed in nineteen (aged 6.4 ± 0.3 years) non-reading kindergarteners before training letter-speech sound associations with a computerized game (Graphogame) for eight weeks. The training aimed to introduce the basic principles of letter-speech sound correspondences and to initialize the sensitization of specific brain areas to print. Event-related potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were recorded during an explicit word/symbol processing task after the training. Reading skills were assessed two years later in second grade. The focus of this study was on clarifying whether electrophysiological and fMRI data of kindergarten children significantly improve prediction of future reading skills in 2nd grade over behavioural data alone. Based on evidence from previous studies demonstrating the importance of initial print sensitivity in the left occipito-temporal visual word form system (VWFS) for learning to read, the first pronounced difference in processing words compared to symbols in the ERP, an occipito-temporal negativity (N1: 188-281 ms) along with the corresponding functional activation in the left occipito-temporal VWFS were defined as potential predictors. ERP and fMRI data in kindergarteners significantly improved the prediction of reading skills in 2nd grade over behavioural data alone. Together with the behavioural measures they explained up to 88% of the variance. An additional discriminant analysis revealed a remarkably high accuracy in classifying normal (n=11) and poor readers (n=6). Due to the key limitation of the study, i.e. the small group sizes, the results of our prediction analyses should be interpreted with caution and regarded as preliminary despite cross-validation. Nevertheless our results indicate the potential of combining neuroimaging and behavioural measures to improve prediction at an early stage, when literacy skills are acquired and interventions are most beneficial. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 Abstract:Children who are poor readers usually experience troublesome school careers and consequently often su...

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“…Although left inferior frontal gyrus has been implicated in phonological rehearsal/segmentation, recent studies have demonstrated its important role in modulation on the posterior language regions. Bitan et al (2005Bitan et al ( , 2006) examined developmental differences in effective connectivity in spelling and rhyming tasks in the visual modality (Bitan et al, 2005. They showed that the modulation of left inferior frontal gyrus on left intraparietal sulcus for the spelling task and on left superior temporal sulcus for the rhyming task was stronger for adults compared to children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to use a rhyming task because several previous studies using this task have consistently implicated left inferior frontal gyrus and left temporo-parietal regions in phonological processing (Crosson et al, 1999;Paulesu et al, 1996;Pugh et al, 1996;Rumsey et al, 1992;Xu et al, 2001). Based on previous neuroimaging work on the rhyming task, our regions of interest (ROIs) included left inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left fusiform gyrus and bilateral medial frontal gyrus for the DCM analysis (Bitan et al, 2005;Bitan et al, 2006;. However, based on functional connectivity studies (Horwitz et al, 1998;Pugh et al, 2000), our a priori connections of interest were modulatory effects into and out of left inferior parietal lobule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective brain connectivity in children with reading difficulties during phonological processing

2008

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Using Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined effective connectivity between three left hemisphere brain regions (inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, fusiform gyrus) and bilateral medial frontal gyrus in 12 children with reading difficulties (M age = 12.4, range: 8.11-14.10) and 12 control children (M age = 12.3, range: 8.9-14.11) during rhyming judgments to visually presented words. More difficult conflicting trials either had similar orthography but different phonology (e.g. pint-mint) or similar phonology but different orthography (e.g. jazz-has). Easier non-conflicting trials had similar orthography and phonology (e.g. dime-lime) or different orthography and phonology (e.g. staff-gain). The modulatory effect from left fusiform gyrus to left inferior parietal lobule was stronger in controls than in children with reading difficulties only for conflicting trials. Modulatory effects from left fusiform gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule to left inferior frontal gyrus were stronger for conflicting trials than for non-conflicting trials only in control children but not in children with reading difficulties. Modulatory effects from left inferior frontal gyrus to inferior parietal lobule, from medial frontal gyrus to left inferior parietal lobule, and from left inferior parietal lobule to medial frontal gyrus were positively correlated with reading skill only in control children. These findings suggest that children with reading difficulties have deficits in integrating orthography and phonology utilizing left inferior parietal lobule, and in engaging phonological rehearsal/segmentation utilizing left inferior frontal gyrus possibly through the indirect pathway connecting posterior to anterior language processing regions, especially when the orthographic and phonological information is conflicting.

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Weaker top–down modulation from the left inferior frontal gyrus in children

Cited by 86 publications

References 63 publications

Development of effective connectivity for narrative comprehension in children

Development of effective connectivity for narrative comprehension in children

Print-specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade

Effective brain connectivity in children with reading difficulties during phonological processing

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