“…However, like the Veroude et al study, we also focused on adult learners. A study of adults, as opposed to children, allows for a view of activation changes associated with learning that is independent of the changes associated with maturation (e.g., Plante, Holland, & Schmithorst, 2006; Schmithorst, Holland, & Plante, 2007; Szaflarski, Altaye, Rajagopal, Eaton, Meng, Plante, & Holland, 2012; Szaflarski, Schmithorst, Altaye, Byars, Rett, Plante, & Holland, 2006). In children who are acquiring language, these two constructs can be difficult to dissociate.…”