“We are what our bacteria eat”: The role of bacteria in personalizing nutrition therapy in gastrointestinal conditions

Harvie, Ruth; Walmsley, Russell; Schultz, Michael

doi:10.1111/jgh.13462

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Intake of galacto-oligosaccharides which include legumes, high FODMAP nuts and some vegetables returned to pre-dietary intervention levels. Fiber is an important substrate for bacteria and their fermentation not only inhibits the growth of pathobionts but also produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA)[49] and is associated with microbial diversity. SCFA are an energy source for the colonocytes and play a regulatory role affecting trans epithelial fluid transport[50], decreased inflammation[51], oxidative stress[52], increases epithelial tight junctions[53] and increases intestinal motility[54] and are therefore central to presumed pathomechanisms leading to IBS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

Harvie

Chisholm

Bisanz

et al. 2017

WJG

Self Cite

111

152

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AIMTo investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL).METHODSParticipants with IBS (Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS (IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS QoL questionnaire (0-100 increasing with QoL), a FODMAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis.RESULTSFifty participants were enrolled into group I (n = 23) or group II (n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS (275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1) (P < 0.0002) and increased QoL (68.5 ± 18.0 to 83 ± 13.4 vs 72.9 ± 12.8 to 73.3 ± 14.4) (P < 0.0001) in group I vs group II at 3 mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I (160 ± 102) and replicated in group II (124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAP diet (33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d) (P < 0.01) and after re-introducing FODMAP containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FODMAP diet.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAPs improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAPs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

Harvie

Chisholm

Bisanz

et al. 2017

WJG

Self Cite

111

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The gut microbiome, also referred to as our second genome, integrates external signals to exert nutritional, metabolic, and immunomodulatory functions that are relevant to health and well-being of the host. [45][46][47] There are immense opportunities to use personalized nutritional interventions to prevent and/or treat acute and chronic diseases including gastrointestinal 48 and fatty liver diseases, 49 obesity, 36,50 cardiovascular disease 51 and even neuropsychiatric disorders. 52,53 In addition to modulating microbial composition and/or richness, diet composition can impact the microbial metabolome, 47 which could increase or decrease the risk of disease.…”

Section: Future Opportunities For Nutritional Modulation Of the Gut Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example could be to increase the intake of fermentable fiber or prebiotics in patients with Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) to promote the production of short chain fatty acids, which in turn stimulate intestinal hormone secretion, and modify immune function to reduce inflammation. 47,48,54 Despite some promising clinical data, many limitations and challenges currently limit our ability to integrate patient-specific microbial data into the clinical realm. [45][46][47] These range from our ability to implement low cost, high throughput sequencing methods to enable rapid characterization of the microbiome.…”

Section: Future Opportunities For Nutritional Modulation Of the Gut Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the special focus issue on the impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and function and future opportunities for nutritional modulation of the gut microbiome to improve human health

Donovan

2017

Gut Microbes

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Over the past decade, application of culture-independent, next generation DNA sequencing has dramatically enhanced our understanding of the composition of the gut microbiome and its association with human states of health and disease. Host genetics, age, and environmental factors such as where and who you live with, use of pre-, pro- and antibiotics, exercise and diet influence the short- and long-term composition of the microbiome. Dietary intake is a key determinant of microbiome composition and diversity and studies to date have linked long-term dietary patterns as well as short-term dietary interventions to the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome. The goal of this special focus issue was to review the role of diet in regulating the composition and function of the gut microbiota across the lifespan, from pregnancy to old age. Overall dietary patterns, as well as perturbations such as undernutrition and obesity, as well as the effects of dietary fiber/prebiotics and fat composition are explored.

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“…A growing body of evidence has shown that gut microbiota play a causal role in driving the development of obesity, diabetes and NAFLD (31)(32)(33)(34). Diet, as one of the most common environmental factors, shapes the gut microbiome (35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Dietary Copper-Fructose Interaction-Induced Alterations of Gut Microbial Activity are Not Correlated to Hepatic Steatosis

Song

Fang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Inadequate copper intake and increased fructose consumption represent two important nutritional problems in the US. Diet copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity and contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study is to determine whether dietary copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity in a sex-differential manner, and whether sex differences in gut microbial activity are associated with sex differences in hepatic steatosis. Methods: Male and female weanling Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed ad libitum with an AIN-93G purified rodent diet with defined copper content for 8 weeks. The copper content is 6mg/kg and 1.5mg/kg in adequate copper diet (CuA) and marginal copper diet (CuM), respectively. Animals had free access to either deionized water or deionized water containing 10% fructose (F) (w/v) as the only drink during the experiment. Body weight, calorie intake, plasma ALT, AST and liver histology were evaluated. Fecal microbial contents were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal and cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: Male and female rats exhibit similar trends of changes in the body weight, body weight gain and calorie intake in response to dietary copper and fructose, with a generally higher level in male rats. Several female rats in CuAF group developed mild steatosis, while no obvious steatosis was observed in male rats fed with CuAF or CuMF. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct alterations of the gut microbiome in male and female rats. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) identified sex-specific abundant taxa in different groups. Further, total SCFAs, as well as, butyrate were decreased in a more pronounced manner in female CuMF rats than in male rats. Of note, the decreased SCFAs are concomitant with the reduced SCFA producers, but not correlated to hepatic steatosis. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated sex differences in the alterations of gut microbial activities and hepatic steatosis in response to dietary copper-fructose interaction in rats. Tissue-specific responses to dietary copper and fructose likely contribute to the sex differences in gut microbial activity and metabolic phenotype.

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“We are what our bacteria eat”: The role of bacteria in personalizing nutrition therapy in gastrointestinal conditions

Abstract: The theme for the

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

Introduction to the special focus issue on the impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and function and future opportunities for nutritional modulation of the gut microbiome to improve human health

Sex Differences in Dietary Copper-Fructose Interaction-Induced Alterations of Gut Microbial Activity are Not Correlated to Hepatic Steatosis

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