WDM transmission over multiple long spans with bidirectional Raman pumping

Bromage, J.; Bouteiller, J.-C.; Thiele, H.J.; Brar, K.; Nelson, L.E.; Stulz, S.; Headley, C.; Boncek, Raymond K.; Kim, J.; Klein, Alan A.; Baynham, G.; Jrgensen, L.V.; Grüner-Nielsen, L.; Lingle, Robert; DiGiovanni, D. J.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2003.822170

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This in principle increases the amount of nonlinearity compensation using optical phase conjugation and gives close to the ideal distributed amplification to minimise noise. However, in conventional first or dual order distributed Raman amplification schemes, the penalty using bidirectional pumping due to relative intensity noise (RIN) introduced from co-propagated pump, has been studied in direct detection systems both numerically and experimentally [5][6][7], but only investigated numerically in coherent transmission systems [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 100G DP-QPSK long-haul transmission performance using second order co-pumped Raman laser based amplification

Tan¹,

Rosa²,

Le³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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We present, for the first time, a detailed investigation of the impact of second order co-propagating Raman pumping on long-haul 100G WDM DP-QPSK coherent transmission of up to 7082 km using Raman fibre laser based configurations. Signal power and noise distributions along the fibre for each pumping scheme were characterised both numerically and experimentally. Based on these pumping schemes, the Q factor penalties versus co-pump power ratios were experimentally measured and quantified. A significant Q factor penalty of up to 4.15 dB was observed after 1666 km using symmetric bidirectional pumping, compared with counter-pumping only. Our results show that whilst using co-pumping minimises the intra-cavity signal power variation and amplification noise, the Q factor penalty with co-pumping was too great for any advantage to be seen. The relative intensity noise (RIN) characteristics of the induced fibre laser and the output signal, and the intra-cavity RF spectra of the fibre laser are also presented. We attribute the Q factor degradation to RIN induced penalty due to RIN being transferred from the first order fibre laser and second order co-pump to the signal. More importantly, there were two different fibre lasing regimes contributing to the amplification. It was random distributed feedback lasing when using counter-pumping only and conventional Fabry-Perot cavity lasing when using all bidirectional pumping schemes. This also results in significantly different performances due to different laser cavity lengths for these two classes of laser.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 100G DP-QPSK long-haul transmission performance using second order co-pumped Raman laser based amplification

Tan¹,

Rosa²,

Le³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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“…NF DRA is the equivalent noise figure of the Raman amplifier which could be expressed as in [5], [9] since BW pumping was the main source of gain in this bidirectional pumping arrangement and [10] in order to take into account of double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB). Although Raman amplification adds noise (amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and DRB) [10]) by transforming an optical fiber into a DRA, at a fixed BER it allows lower fiber launch powers and increases the minimum signal power in the fiber.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Equivalent Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Raman Amplification on a 2-Tb/s Coherent WDM System

Frascella

Antony

Fabbri

et al. 2011

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…A recirculating loop was built with two 200-km spans of TrueWave REACH fiber [8]. We used ten wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channels, with 50% RZ modulation at 10 Gb/s, which were spaced by 50 GHz around 1550 nm.…”

Section: Example Of Optimization (14 200-km Spans)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimization Process for Raman-Amplified Long-Span Transmission

Bouteiller¹,

Bromage²,

Thiele³

et al. 2004

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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We propose a decomposition of bidirectionally pumped Raman-amplified long spans into two independent amplifiers. This decomposition leads to a simple optimization process of the transmission. An example of a 10-Gb/s wavelength-division multiplexed system, consisting of 14 200-km spans, is described. It presents the optimization of cogain and countergain levels, including constraints from double Rayleigh backscattering and repeaters. We also generalize this procedure to other span lengths.

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WDM transmission over multiple long spans with bidirectional Raman pumping

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of 100G DP-QPSK long-haul transmission performance using second order co-pumped Raman laser based amplification

Evaluation of 100G DP-QPSK long-haul transmission performance using second order co-pumped Raman laser based amplification

Impact of Raman Amplification on a 2-Tb/s Coherent WDM System

An Optimization Process for Raman-Amplified Long-Span Transmission

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