Waves of gene regulation suppress and then restore oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells

From tumor cell metabolism to tumor immune escape

“…A significant proportion of tumor cells also increase glutamine metabolism (DeBerardinis et al, 2007,Dang, 2009,Smolkova et al, 2011. Glutamine, with a concentration around 700 µM, is the amino acid with the highest circulating levels in human blood.…”

“…A new hypothesis proposes that tumor cells can change their metabolism by waves of gene regulation to adjust to their different needs (Smolkova et al, 2011). Some of these waves are originated by deregulated expression of oncogenes, which have already been linked to metabolic remodeling.…”

“…Perhaps because tumor metabolism can constantly change (Smolkova et al, 2011 accumulates, leading to stabilization of factor HIF1α, and induction of target genes (Bellance et al, 2009). Therefore, the tumor metabolism and the metabolic environment (glucose and oxygen) are associated to the gene expression program in cancer cells.…”

“…Moreover, tumor cell metabolism is most likely linked to tumor cell development because several waves of gene regulation constantly modify the metabolism during tumorigenesis (Smolkova et al, 2011).…”

The real face of HIF1α in the tumor process

“…This finding is remarkable, because glutaminolysis is performed by cells under normoxic, hypoxic and even under anoxic conditions. 19 Strikingly, DeBerardinis et al have found that most of the α-nitrogen from glutamine degradation was secreted from the cells as ammonia and alanine. 17 Other authors have described the importance of glutaminolysis and have suggested that the Warburg effect may be a metabolic consequence secondary to nitrogen anabolism (glutaminolysis).…”