Wavelength sensitivity of unstabilized and UV stabilized polycarbonate to solar simulated radiation

Andrady, Anthony L.; Searle, Norma D.; Crewdson, Lesley F.E.

doi:10.1016/0141-3910(92)90031-y

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Wavelength sensitivity research of different polymeric materials usually resulted in one broader or narrower wavelength range responsible for photodegradation (Sandermann and Schlumbom 1962a;Andrady et al 1996;Hu 1997;Andrady and Searle 1995;Suttie 2006;Kataoka et al 2007). Nevertheless, similarly to the results of the present study, two distinctly separate spectral regions were detected when studying wavelength sensitivity of polycarbonate and polyamide 6 (Andrady et al 1992;Hu 1998).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…These include colour changes, chemical changes revealed by different spectroscopic techniques, weight loss, gloss reduction, checking, and mechanical properties such as increase in brittleness or loss in tensile strength or changes of any other properties that may contribute to the determination of the nature of degradation of any polymer (Andrady et al 1992(Andrady et al , 1996Hu 1998Hu , 1997Kämpf et al 1991;Andrady and Searle 1995;Evans et al 2008). The data presented on waveband basis are specific to the light source used in the experiment and to the absorption spectrum of the material (Andrady 1997;Andrady et al 1992). This means that not all commercially available artificial light sources would give results of equal reliability, but that a closer match of the absorption spectrum of light absorbers to the activation spectrum of a material should enable a more effective light protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral sensitivity in the photodegradation of fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) surfaces: colour changes in natural weathering

et al. 2013

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Activation spectra of wood under natural irradiation were investigated in detail in this work. The main purpose was to study colour changes on the wood surface over time and into the depth during natural light exposure and thus to further contribute to the optimization of surface-protecting treatments. In a natural weathering test, three 80-lm-thick strips of fir wood forming the surface layer of a wood composite were exposed to light under a series of glass cut-off filters. Samples were withdrawn at intervals and tested for colour changes. Identification of the most detrimental wavebands of light causing photodegradation was performed based on recorded colour changes. With chronological development of exposure, the colour changes shifted ever deeper into the surface and further into the visible region of the spectrum. A relatively narrow waveband from 360 to 435 nm was identified in the activation spectra to be the most active band, causing the greatest proportion of recorded colour changes. However, also visible light of wavelengths up to 515 nm significantly contributed to colour changes of the surface layers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral sensitivity in the photodegradation of fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) surfaces: colour changes in natural weathering

et al. 2013

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“…We have also studied the wavelength sensitivity of the lightinduced loss of extensibility of injection-molded polyethylene samples exposed to filtered xenon radiation using the cut-on filter technique with film samples. 12 The most effective wavelength range for loss of elongation was 308-329 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength sensitivity of enhanced photodegradable polyethylenes, ECO, and LDPE/MX

Andrady

Pegram

Searle

1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SYNOPSISThe wavelength sensitivity for decrease in percent elongation at break of ethylene carbon monoxide copolymer (ECO) and a low density polyethylene containing a metal compound prooxidant (LDPE/MX) on exposure to a borosilicate-filtered xenon-arc source was determined using a set of sharp cut-on filters. The spectral region primarily responsible for the degradation at 60°C is 323-328 nm for ECO and 323-338 nm for LDPE/MX. At 77"C, the sensitivity shifts about 10 nm to longer wavelengths. Based on the wavelength sensitivity of these materials to solar simulated radiation and the transmission properties of window glass, these materials can be expected to lose desirable mechanical properties when exposed to window-glass-filtered sunlight.

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“…3.1 Activation spectrum for yellowness index of un-stabilized lexan polycarbonate film (0.70 mm) exposed to natural sunlight facing 26°South in Miami, FL. Reproduced with permission from Andrady et al (1992) (Hamid and Pritchard 1991;Tocháček and Vrátníčková 2014). Plastics lying on hot sand on beaches undergo faster photo-oxidation relative to those floating on water and being, therefore, maintained at a lower temperature.…”

Section: Photo-oxidative Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans

Andrady

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

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341

309

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The increasing global production and use of plastics has led to an accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic litter in the world's oceans. Characteristics such as low density, good mechanical properties and low cost allow for successful use of plastics in industries and everyday life but the high durability leads to persistence of the synthetic polymers in the marine environment where they cause harm to a great variety of organisms. In the diverse marine habitats, including beaches, the sea surface, the water column, and the seafloor, plastics are exposed to different environmental conditions that either accelerate or decelerate the physical, chemical and biological degradation of plastics. Degradation of plastics occurs primarily through solar UV-radiation induced photo oxidation reactions and is, thus, most intensive in photic environments such as the sea surface and on beaches. The rate of degradation is temperature-dependent resulting in considerable deceleration of the processes in seawater, which is a good heat sink. Below the photic zone in the water column, plastics degrade very slowly resulting in high persistence of plastic litter especially at the seafloor. Biological decomposition of plastics by microorganisms is negligible in the marine environment because the kinetics of biodegradation at sea is particularly slow and oxygen supply for these processes limited. Degradation of larger plastic items leads to the formation of abundant small microplastics. The transport of small particles to the seafloor and their deposition in the benthic environment is facilitated by the colonization of the material by fouling organisms, which increase the density of the particles and force them to sink.

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Wavelength sensitivity of unstabilized and UV stabilized polycarbonate to solar simulated radiation

Cited by 78 publications

References 19 publications

Spectral sensitivity in the photodegradation of fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) surfaces: colour changes in natural weathering

Spectral sensitivity in the photodegradation of fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) surfaces: colour changes in natural weathering

Wavelength sensitivity of enhanced photodegradable polyethylenes, ECO, and LDPE/MX

Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans

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