Wavelength-Dependent and Independent Effects of Veiling Glare on the Visibility of Head-Up Display (HUD) Symbology

Varner, Denise C.; Cartiedge, Robert M.; Elliott, W.R.; Menendez, Arthur R.; Carrier, Roxie; Richter, Marta J.

doi:10.1037/e549822011-001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As in previous human laser experiments, such as those conducted at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, TX, the laser exposure level did not exceed the MPE for any single exposure (19,20). The MPE for direct ocular viewing of a 532 nm laser beam imaged as a point source for 1 second is 1.8t 0.75 mJ/cm 2 , where t = seconds, t = seconds, t or MPE = 1.8(1) 0.75 millijoules per centimeter squared (mJ/cm 2 ) = 1.8 mJ/cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…For visible CW lasers of various output power, the FSED can be estimated (see Equation A) by assigning a common beam divergence and exit port diameter (e.g., Φ = 1 mrad and α = 0.2 cm, respectively), and assuming a dark-adapted pupil diameter (0.7 cm) for the exposed individual. (19,20). Table 3 summarizes the range of distances at which the misuse of relatively low-powered lasers (≤ 1 W) could present a potential threat to aviation safety in the LFZ based on the 50 nW/cm 2 FSEL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Laser Illumination on Operational and Visual Performance of Pilots During Final Approach

Nakagawara¹,

Montgomery²,

Dillard³

et al. 2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Work was accomplished under approved task AM-B-03-PRS-94. Abstract INTRODUCTION:Several hundred incidents involving the illumination of aircrew members by laser light have been reported in recent years, including several that could have had serious consequences. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the performance of pilots exposed to visible laser radiation during final approach maneuvers at 100 feet above the runway in the Laser-Free Zone (LFZ). METHODS: Thirty-four pilots served as test subjects for this study. Pilot performance was assessed in a Boeing 727-200 Level C flight simulator using four eye-safe levels of visible laser light (0, 0.5, 5, and 50 µW/cm 2 ) during four final approach maneuvers (three 30 o left and one 30 o right turn to final approach). Subjective responses were solicited after each trial and during an exit interview. The pilots were asked to rate on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = none, 2 = slight, 3 = moderate, 4 = great, and 5 = very great) the affect each laser exposure had on their ability to operate the aircraft and on their visual performance. The average subjective ratings were calculated for each exposure level and flight maneuver, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. RESULTS: Average subjective ratings for operational and visual performance were 2.93 (Range = 2.35 -3.29; SD = 1.37) and 3.16 (Range = 2.56 -3.62; SD = 1.30), respectively. ANOVA found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the 0.5 µW/cm 2 operational and visual performance ratings and those for the 5 and 50 µW/cm 2 exposures. Approximately 75% of the survey responses indicated that subjects experienced adverse visual effects resulting in some degree of operational difficulty when illuminated by low-level laser radiation. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that the illumination of flight crewmembers with laser radiation ≥ 0.5 µW/cm 2 is unacceptable in the LFZ. Provided the exposure limit established for the LFZ (i.e., 50 nW/cm 2 ) is not exceeded, a sufficient margin of safety appears to exist for protecting pilots from accidental laser exposure during final approach.17.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Laser Illumination on Operational and Visual Performance of Pilots During Final Approach

Nakagawara¹,

Montgomery²,

Dillard³

et al. 2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effects of a Laser-Induced Temporary Scotoma on Target Acquisition Performance

Kosnik¹

1995

Hum Factors

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Lasers commonly used in industry and the military are increasingly being recognized as possible hazards to vision and visually guided tasks. This study examined the effects of laser-induced visual loss on target acquisition performance. An argon laser was used to produce a temporary central scotoma. Observers searched for variable-contrast aircraft that were embedded in backgrounds of differing complexity. The laser exposures increased acquisition times 2 to 12 times over baseline levels, indicating that the degree of visual deficit was task dependent. Acquisition time increased as background complexity increased and target contrast decreased. However, target motion facilitated acquisition performance and mitigated the laser effect. Although contrast had a systematic effect on acquisition performance, it was clear that factors other than contrast contributed to target visibility. Other factors that may have affected visibility included distractors and masking effects introduced by the structured backgrounds.

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Wavelength-Dependent and Independent Effects of Veiling Glare on the Visibility of Head-Up Display (HUD) Symbology

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

The Effects of Laser Illumination on Operational and Visual Performance of Pilots During Final Approach

The Effects of Laser Illumination on Operational and Visual Performance of Pilots During Final Approach

Effects of a Laser-Induced Temporary Scotoma on Target Acquisition Performance

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