Waveguide Integrated Balanced Photodetectors for Coherent Receivers

Runge, Patrick; Zhou, Gan; Beckerwerth, Tobias; Ganzer, Felix; Keyvaninia, Shahram; Seifert, Sten; Ebert, W.; Mutschall, Sven; Seeger, A.; Schell, Martin

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2017.2723844

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In comparison to the p-i-n PD, avalanche photodiodes (APDs) can provide additional multiplication gains and larger signal to noise (S/N) ratios for the down converted intermediate frequency (IF) signal. However, the extra carrier multiplication process inside the APD slows down the internal carrier transit time, usually resulting in a smaller saturation current than that of the p-i-n PD [6,7], which impeded its application in the self-heterodyne FMCW lidar system. Compared to our previous work [8,9], in this work, we demonstrate the In0.52 Al0.48 As based vertical-illuminated APD with a novel design in the multiplication region and quadruple mesa shape which can effectively shorten the internal avalanche delay time and suppress the edge breakdown, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, we demonstrate the high-power and high-responsivity performance of the dual multiplication (M-) layers in In0.52 Al0.48 As based avalanche photodiode (APD). The dual M-layer design in our APD structure effectively constrains the multiplication process to a thin high-field region rather than the whole thick M-layer. It thus minimizes the space charge effect (SCE) within and avoids increasing the tunneling dark current for the case of directly shrinking M-layer thickness in APD. Furthermore, by combining the specially designed mesa shape with this dual M-layer structure, the edge breakdown can be well suppressed. These benefits lead to an ultra-high gain-bandwidth product (450 GHz; 1 A/W at unit gain) and a high saturation current (>12 mA) can be simultaneously achieved in our device. By nonlinearly driving a wavelength sweeping laser in the self-heterodyne lidar setup, it can generate an optical pulse train-like waveform, providing an effective optical modulation depth of 200% to feed into our demonstrated APD at the receiver-end. Under such scheme, the photo-generated RF (1 GHz) power from our APD with a 6.3 A/W responsivity can be as high as +6.95 dBm at a high (7 mA) output photocurrent. Such high-power and highresponsivity characteristics of our APD can further improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and dynamic range performances in each pixel of the lidar image. A high-quality 3-dimensional (D) FMCW lidar image is constructed based on our APD, without the integration of any electrical amplifier at the receiver end.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…I NTEGRATED PHOTONICS and the development of high performance photonic integrated circuits was driven by telecommunication and its ever increasing demand for higher bit rates. At the receiver end, this was addressed by waveguide integrated high-speed PIN and UTC photodiodes [1], showing high bandwidths and RF output powers [2], [3]. However, these types of photodiodes are intrinsically limited in sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearity Characteristics of Avalanche Photodiodes For InP Based PICs

Beckerwerth

Behrends

Ganzer

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate InP PICs with avalanche photodiodes (APD) consisting of InP and InAlAs multiplication regions and investigate these devices regarding their DC and RF linearity characteristics. The optical input dependent gain, bandwidth and output power are characterized and compared to electric field simulations. The space-charge induced electric field reduction is considered to determine the measured properties of the APDs. The APDs with an InAlAs multiplication region exhibit a high bandwidth of 27 GHz in combination with high sensitivity for optical input powers low as 34 µW at a responsivity of 0.65 A/W and a dynamic range of 34 dB. Although the APD with an InP multiplication region shows lower bandwidths of maximum 6 GHz, it demonstrates a high sensitivity for input powers low as 26 µW at a responsivity of 0.85 A/W and a dynamic range of 30 dB making it very attractive for sensing applications. Further, the bias and optical input dependent electric field help to conclude the linearity limitations of the presented devices.

show abstract

“…Up to now, we have developed high-speed and high-responsivity pin-PDs and avalanche photodiodes (APDs), both with a vertical illumination structure. While the waveguide structure is advantageous to mitigate the tradeoff between responsivity and bandwidth [2][3][4][5], the vertical illumination structure is still attractive in terms of device fabrication, reliability, and assembly. Particularly, the inverted p-down design we have developed enables the vertical illumination structure to boost bandwidth while maintaining a certain responsivity by incorporating a hybrid absorber consisting of p-type and undoped absorbers while maintaining the benefits of the vertical illumination structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverted p-down Design for High-Speed Photodetectors

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We discuss the structural consideration of high-speed photodetectors used for optical communications, focusing on vertical illumination photodetectors suitable for device fabrication and optical coupling. We fabricate an avalanche photodiode that can handle 100-Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (50 Gbaud) signals, and pin photodiodes for 100-Gbaud operation; both are fabricated with our unique inverted p-side down (p-down) design.

show abstract

Waveguide Integrated Balanced Photodetectors for Coherent Receivers

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

Linearity Characteristics of Avalanche Photodiodes For InP Based PICs

Inverted p-down Design for High-Speed Photodetectors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About