Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace chemical warfare agent simulants

Tyndall, Nathan F.; Stievater, Todd H.; Kozak, Dmitry A.; Koo, K.P.; McGill, R. Andrew; Pruessner, Marcel W.; Rabinovich, William S.; Holmstrom, Scott A.

doi:10.1364/ol.43.004803

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…By designing the waveguide mode to propagate within the sorbent polymer, in contrast to the previously described evanescent interactions, the light-analyte interaction and the resulting Raman scattering is enhanced along the length of a high-index Si 3 N 4 waveguide; this design achieved single ppb detection limits for identifying trace compounds, such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Just earlier this year, Tyndall et al 43 utilized a hyperbranched carbosilane sorbent polymer on silicon nitride waveguides for detection of four vapor-phased chemical warfare agent simulants as low as 5 ppb.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated circuits for Department of Defense-relevant chemical and biological sensing applications: state-of-the-art and future outlooks

et al. 2019

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Photonic integrated circuits (PICs), the optical counterpart of traditional electronic integrated circuits, are paving the way toward truly portable and highly accurate biochemical sensors for Department of Defense (DoD)-relevant applications. We introduce the fundamentals of PIC-based biochemical sensing and describe common PIC sensor architectures developed to-date for single-identification and spectroscopic sensor classes. We discuss DoD investments in PIC research and summarize current challenges. We also provide future research directions likely required to realize widespread application of PIC-based biochemical sensors. These research directions include materials research to optimize sensor components for multiplexed sensing; engineering improvements to enhance the practicality of PIC-based devices for field use; and the use of synthetic biology techniques to design new selective receptors for chemical and biological agents. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Spectroscopic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated circuits for Department of Defense-relevant chemical and biological sensing applications: state-of-the-art and future outlooks

et al. 2019

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“…12 Fully functional spectrometers have been reported with the size of a few cm 2 , with interaction pathlenghts comparable with silver halide fibers. [13][14][15][16][17] Different integrated sensing schemes based on micro-cavity resonators, 18 mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy 19 , mid-IR dual comb spectroscopy, 20 Raman spectroscopy, 21,22 or photothermal spectroscopy 23 have been demonstrated. Despite their impressive integration of functionality, achieving effective optical path lengths of several meters as routinely used in spectroscopic gas sensing is challenging in the near-IR and even harder in the mid-IR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous silica films for sensing volatile organic compounds using attenuated total reflection spectroscopy

Baumgartner

Hayden

Lendl

2020

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Sensitivity of evanescent wave sensing of gaseous species can be vastly increased by enrichment materials that locally concentrate the analyte on the sensor. Here, we investigate functionalized mesoporous silica films as versatile enrichment layer for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas-phase. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystals were coated with silica films of different pore sizes and their capability to enrich three different aromatic hydrocarbons from a vapor stream was studied by means of Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thereby, single-digit ppmv limits of detection (LOD) were achieved with an effective path length of only 6.3 µm. The selectivity introduced by the functionalization of the silica films effectively minimized interferences of water vapor, which gave access to the spectral fingerprint region between 1550 and 1450 cm-1. This allowed to discriminate and quantify toluene, pxylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in multicomponent mixtures at high humidity. Fast response and regeneration times and enrichment factors up to 32 000 showcase the high potential of this material for evanescent wave sensing.

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“…Since WGR was first demonstrated by P. O'Connor and J. Tauc in 1978 [25,26], WGR spectroscopy has proven to be a useful technique to study different analytes such as gas-phase molecules [27], thin films [28] and microparticles [29]. However, waveguide fabrication technologies were a major bottleneck that prevented WGR from showing its advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leveraging the advances in microfabrication technologies for integrated photonics, Dhakal et al successfully demonstrated WGR detection of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in transmission mode using Si 3 N 4 waveguides and 785 nm excitation [24]. Since then, WGR has been shown to be a promising technique to investigate thin films and different liquid and gas-phase molecules [27,[30][31][32][33]. Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) has been mainly used as a waveguide core material [27,30,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on multiple waveguide platforms for waveguide integrated Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Waveguide Raman spectroscopy uses the evanescent field outside a waveguide to probe the analyte on the surface of the chip, permitting to selectively study thin films or nanostructures on top of the waveguide while benefiting from the long iteration path of the excitation with the analyte. Both the polarization of the excitation mode as well as the refractive index contrast of the waveguide platform play an important role in the Raman excitation process as well as the coupling efficiency of the generated Raman signal back into the waveguide. In this article, we characterize three waveguide platforms of different refractive index contrasts for waveguide Raman, namely Al 2 O 3 , Si 3 N 4 and TiO 2 on SiO 2. Toluene was used as a test analyte. Both background and analyte were measured for quasi-transverse electric (quasi-TE) and quasitransverse magnetic (quasi-TM) modes. TM modes generate less background than TE modes due to less confinement of the mode in the waveguide core materials. A combination of Si 3 N 4 and quasi-TM polarization led to the highest SNR in this study.

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Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace chemical warfare agent simulants

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Photonic integrated circuits for Department of Defense-relevant chemical and biological sensing applications: state-of-the-art and future outlooks

Photonic integrated circuits for Department of Defense-relevant chemical and biological sensing applications: state-of-the-art and future outlooks

Mesoporous silica films for sensing volatile organic compounds using attenuated total reflection spectroscopy

Study on multiple waveguide platforms for waveguide integrated Raman spectroscopy

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