Watershed-Level Responses to Calcium Silicate Treatment in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Cho, Young-Il; Driscoll, Charles T.; Johnson, Chris E.; Fahey, Timothy J.

doi:10.1007/s10021-012-9518-2

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1A). Streamwater and soil water-chemistry data indicate strong retention of Ca by the ecosystem after the wollastonite application (24). Dissolved silicon (Si) concentrations in streamwater and soil water increased after the wollastonite application, followed by a gradual and consistent decrease after the peak ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil water Ca concentrations in both organic and mineral soil horizons show a lagged peak, occurring sometime in 2002 or 2003. The lack of an initial peak in soil water Ca concentration, like Si concentration, is attributed to Ca immobilization in the soil either by soil cation exchange or plant uptake (24). Soil water Ca began increasing in late 1998, after a significant ice storm and before the wollastonite application (22,23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apparent uptake of Ca caused soil water Ca:Si ratios to decline initially because of increased Si concentrations relative to Ca, followed by a peak in late 2002. Both the streamwater and soil water Ca:Si ratios and mass balances suggest that Ca from wollastonite was strongly retained relative to Si (24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with calcium silicate

Green

Bailey

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Acid deposition during the 20th century caused widespread depletion of available soil calcium (Ca) throughout much of the industrialized world. To better understand how forest ecosystems respond to changes in a component of acidification stress, an 11.8-ha watershed was amended with wollastonite, a calcium silicate mineral, to restore available soil Ca to preindustrial levels through natural weathering. An unexpected outcome of the Ca amendment was a change in watershed hydrology; annual evapotranspiration increased by 25%, 18%, and 19%, respectively, for the 3 y following treatment before returning to pretreatment levels. During this period, the watershed retained Ca from the wollastonite, indicating a watershed-scale fertilization effect on transpiration. That response is unique in being a measured manipulation of watershed runoff attributable to fertilization, a response of similar magnitude to effects of deforestation. Our results suggest that past and future changes in available soil Ca concentrations have important and previously unrecognized implications for the water cycle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with calcium silicate

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Bailey

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The wollastonite addition led to changes in the soils of W1, including increased concentrations of Ca 2+ and H 4 SiO 4 and significant declines in H + and dissolved inorganic Al concentrations (9). Soil solution and streamwater pH and ANC increased significantly after the treatment and have remained above reference conditions (9,10). Mass balances indicate that soils have been a net sink for the Ca and Si added to the watershed (9,11), and that only 5% of the added wollastonite was lost via stream export within the first 12 y after treatment (12).…”

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Acid rain mitigation experiment shifts a forested watershed from a net sink to a net source of nitrogen

Bernhardt

Buso

Driscoll

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Decades of acid rain have acidified forest soils and freshwaters throughout montane forests of the northeastern United States; the resulting loss of soil base cations is hypothesized to be responsible for limiting rates of forest growth throughout the region. In 1999, an experiment was conducted that reversed the long-term trend of soil base cation depletion and tested the hypothesis that calcium limits forest growth in acidified soils. Researchers added 1,189 kg Ca 2+ haas the pelletized mineral wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ) to a 12-ha forested watershed within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Significant increases in the pH and acid-neutralizing capacity of soils and streamwater resulted, and the predicted increase in forest growth occurred. An unanticipated consequence of this acidification mitigation experiment began to emerge a decade later, with marked increases in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) exports in streamwater from the treated watershed. By 2013, 30-times greater DIN was exported from this base-treated watershed than from adjacent reference watersheds, and DIN exports resulting from this experiment match or exceed earlier reports of inorganic N losses after severe ice-storm damage within the study watershed. The discovery that CaSiO 3 enrichment can convert a watershed from a sink to a source of N suggests that numerous potential mechanisms drive watershed N dynamics and provides new insights into the influence of acid deposition mitigation strategies for both carbon cycling and watershed N export.calcium | acid deposition | nitrate

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Recovery from chronic and snowmelt acidification: Long‐term trends in stream and soil water chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

2015

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Atmospheric acid deposition of sulfate and nitrate has declined markedly in the northeastern United States due to emissions controls. We investigated long-term trends in soil water (1984-2011) and stream water (1982-2011) chemistry along an elevation gradient of a forested watershed to evaluate the progress of recovery of drainage waters from acidic deposition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA. We found slowed losses of base cations from soil and decreased mobilization of dissolved inorganic aluminum. Stream water pH at the watershed outlet increased at a rate of 0.01 units yr À1 , and the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) gained 0.88 μeq L À1 yr À1 . Dissolved organic carbon generally decreased in stream water and soil solutions, contrary to trends observed at many North American and European sites. We compared whole-year hydrochemical trends with those during snowmelt, which is the highest-flow and lowest ANC period of the year, indicative of episodic acidification. Stream water during snowmelt had long-term trends of increasing ANC and pH at a rate very similar to the whole-year record, with closely related steady decreases in sulfate. A more rapid decline in stream water nitrate during snowmelt compared with the whole-year trend may be due, in part, to the marked decrease in atmospheric nitrate deposition during the last decade. The similarity between the whole-year trends and those of the snowmelt period is an important finding that demonstrates a consistency between recovery from chronic acidification during base flow and abatement of snowmelt acidification. FUSS ET AL.

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Watershed-Level Responses to Calcium Silicate Treatment in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with calcium silicate

Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with calcium silicate

Acid rain mitigation experiment shifts a forested watershed from a net sink to a net source of nitrogen

Recovery from chronic and snowmelt acidification: Long‐term trends in stream and soil water chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

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