Waterpipe tobacco smoke: Characterization of toxicants and exposure biomarkers in a cross-sectional study of waterpipe employees

Waterpipe and cigarette epigenome analysis reveals markers implicated in addiction and smoking type inference

“…In addition, waterpipe smoke contains high levels of propylene glycol and glycerol and large amounts of vanillin, ethyl vanillin and benzyl alcohol that come from the flavorings of waterpipe tobacco ( Sepetdjian et al, 2013 ). Differences in the chemical composition of cigarette and waterpipe smoke are in line with the chemical constituents of body fluid (urine/plasma/saliva) samples derived from cigarette and waterpipe smokers in population-based studies ( Ghobadi et al, 2022 , Kaplan et al, 2019 , Khabour et al, 2018 ). Nevertheless, direct comparison between cigarette and waterpipe smokers in an epidemiological setting needs to be interpreted in context with other complementary settings, such as experimental models, particularly that also differences in modes and patterns of smoking exist within and across waterpipe and cigarette smokers.…”

Acute and long-term effects of water pipe smoking on the respiratory system: A narrative review

“…[21] Studies have also shown that water pipe tobacco users and nonsmoking employees of water pipe venues had higher urinary concentrations of several toxic metals including manganese and cobalt as well as of volatile organic compounds, in a distinct signature compared to cigarette smoke. [22] As many of these chemicals are toxic to the lungs, several studies have examined the toxic effects of water pipe smoking on the lungs. Khabour et al examined the effects of acute exposure of water pipe smoking on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and compared them to cigarette smoking.…”

First report on BTEX leaching from waterpipe tobacco wastes (WTWs) into aquatic environment

“…This smoke is passed through water to cool and moisten the smoke to make it more facile for the consumer to inhale [ 7 ]. Waterpipe (their equivalent names include narghile, waterpipe, hubble-bubble, arghile, arguile, and shisha) are now commonly used to smoke tobacco across the Eastern Mediterranean, Africa, Asia, the United States, and other Western countries, especially among youth and young adults [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ].…”