Water Sorption and Solubility of Flowable Giomers

Abstract

The objective of this study is the characterization of a novel experimental flowable giomer (G) regarding water sorption, water solubility, and the microstructural characteristics, in comparison to three commercial giomers: Beautifil flow Plus X F00 (B-F00), Beautifil flow F02 (B-F02) and Beautifil flow Plus X F03 (B-F03), Shofu, Kyoto, Japan. Methods: Water sorption/solubility was performed by weighing the specimens before and after water immersion for 1, 2, 3, 14, 21 and 30 days. Data analysis was carried out with the software Origin2019b Graphing & Analysis using the ANOVA test and the Tukey test for post hoc comparison of the groups of materials. The microstructural analyses were done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed significant differences between the tested materials (p < 0.05). For sorption, the Tukey test indicated differences between all four sample groups, except between B-F02 and B-F03, which exhibited no differences in any of the investigation days. The Tukey test also showed significant differences regarding solubility between all sample groups in the 30-day interval. SEM images and roughness showed that after 30 days of immersion in water, the experimental giomer G had the roughest surface.

Rational durability of optical properties of chameleon effect of Omnichroma and Essentia composite thermocycled in black dark drinks (in vitro study)

“…In this study, all groups in Omnichroma except Cola 5000 and Essentia DW 2500 revealed -ve solubility values considering the possibility of incomplete dehydration of the materials, these negative values may be indicative of a low level of solubility rather than the complete absence of dissolution. These negative values have been explained by possible hydrolytic chemical reactions that result in the formation of hydroxides on the filler surface (Rusnac et al 2021). In other studies, it has been suggested that negative values may be the result of hydrogen bonds connecting the absorbed water molecules to polar groups of the polymer chains, which cannot be removed entirely (Tugba & Gonulol.…”

Research on the Mechanical Properties, Fluoride and Monomer Release of a New Experimental Flowable Giomer in Comparison to Three Commercial Flowable Giomers

“…The quantity of residual monomers released by the investigated materials were determined at 30 days, after performing the sorbtion and solubility test [13].…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, very few references are available in literature regarding these materials [11][12][13]. Giomers were characterized regarding optical properties, translucency and masking capacity [12], water sorption and solubility [11,13].…”

Five‐year clinical performance of two fluoride‐releasing giomer resin materials in occlusal restorations

“…It has a total filler content of 67.3 wt% (47.0 vol%) 25 and combines efficient flowable delivery with the strength, durability, and esthetics of “hybrid” composite materials. Furthermore, Beautifil Flow Plus F00's high compressive and flexural strength (350 MPa) make it clinically acceptable for both anterior and posterior class I–V lesions, including all anatomical details such as cusps and marginal ridges 26 …”

“…Furthermore, Beautifil Flow Plus F00's high compressive and flexural strength (350 MPa) make it clinically acceptable for both anterior and posterior class I-V lesions, including all anatomical details such as cusps and marginal ridges. 26 Both Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow Plus F00 utilize S-PRG technology and exhibit various properties that provide resistance to caries such as antibacterial activity, 22 inhibition of enamel demineralization, 23 multi-ion release, 27 and more. An important distinction between conventional and flowable giomer is that increased flow results in an increase in fluoride-release of the material.…”